# NTSB CEN21FA209: Mitsubishi MU2B, N322TA, Hattiesburg, MS, May 5, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report - Date: May 4, 2021, 23:01 local (May 5, 2021, 04:01 UTC) - Place: Hattiesburg, MS - Coordinates: 31.291031, -89.285544 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.2910&lon=-89.2855&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-IFR final approach: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 4 fatal, 2 minor; on the ground: 1 fatal, 2 minor - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA FSDO, Mitsubishi, Hartzell Propeller, Honeywell - NTSB case key (mKey): 103032 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN21FA209 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/103032/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=103032 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21FA209 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane during the night instrument approach which resulted in an inadvertent aerodynamic stall from which the pilot was unable to recover. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Mitsubishi MU-2B-60, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=5780460), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Mitsubishi MU-2B-60, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=5780460), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-IFR final approach: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Mitsubishi MU-2B-60, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=5780460), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Approach-IFR final approach: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241); cases with it: [Mitsubishi MU-2B-60, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=5780460), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was flying a nonprecision approach in instrument meteorological conditions at night. While flying the procedure turn for the approach, the airplane’s speed decayed toward the stall speed before the airplane accelerated back to the standard approach speed. During the descent from the final approach fix, the airplane’s descent stopped for about 30 seconds and then the airplane descended at a rate of about 1,300 ft per minute. The airplane decelerated and continued to descend until the airspeed was about 85 knots (about 7 knots above the calculated stall speed for flaps 20°) and the altitude was 500 ft mean sea level. The last recorded data point showed the airplane about 460 ft mean sea level and 750 ft from the accident site. The airplane impacted a private residence, and a postcrash fire ensued and destroyed the airplane. Impact signatures were consistent with a low-energy impact. Examination of the airframe and engines did not detect any preimpact anomalies that would have precluded normal operations. Signatures on the engines and propellers were consistent with both engines providing power at impact. A review of the pilot’s toxicological information found that the level of eszopiclone in his specimens was subtherapeutic and thus not likely a factor in the accident. The circumstances of the accident are consistent with an inadvertent aerodynamic stall from which the pilot was unable to recover. ## Factual narrative Standard LNAV/VNAV Approach FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 91-89, Mitsubishi MU-2B Training Program, states that before the final approach fix, the airplane should be configured with 5° flaps and a minimum airspeed of 140 kts. As the airplane approaches the final approach fix, the airplane should then be configured with 20° flaps, landing gear down, and a minimum airspeed of 120 kts. Performance Study A performance study was conducted on the accident flight using ADS-B data. The study found that when the airplane was in the procedure turn, the airspeed reached as low as 88 kts which coincided with the calculated stall speed for wings level, idle engine power, and 5° of flaps. The airplane’s airspeed increased towards 140 kts. The airplane descended before the final approach fix, then stopped the descent for about 30 seconds before it resumed a descent rate of about 1,300 ft per minute. As the airplane descended it continued to decelerate. The last calculated airspeed was at 85 kts which was about 7 kts above the calculated stall speed for 20° flaps and power idle. ADS-B data from the three flights before the accident were obtained for comparison purposes. Two approaches showed large variations in airspeed, either above or below the recommended approach speeds. The flight before the accident flight showed the airplane 200 ft above the glide path on final before regaining the glide slope. The airplane’s logbooks were not located during the investigation. Maintenance facilities near the pilot’s routes of flight indicated the dates of the most recent annual inspection and the most recent maintenance record, which was October 3, 2020. The airplane was equipped with a Bendix/King KLN 94 GPS Navigation System that was certified for the lateral navigation (LNAV) approach only and would thus not be capable of displaying vertical navigation for the approach. The minimum descent altitude for the LNAV approach to runway 13 at HBG was 580 ft msl. On March 4, 2021, about 2301 central daylight time, a Mitsubishi MU2B-60 airplane, N322TA, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Hattiesburg Bobby L. Chain Municipal Airport (HBG), Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The pilot, two passengers, and one person on the ground sustained fatal injuries, and two people on the ground sustained minor injuries. The airplane was operated under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 as a personal flight. The pilot was flying under an instrument flight rules flight plan and departed Wichita Falls Municipal Airport (SPS), Wichita Falls, Texas, about 2058. According to the Federal Aviation Administration, the pilot checked in with the Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center and requested a descent into HBG. The flight was cleared to descend to 2,400 ft mean sea level (msl). During the descent, the pilot reported that he had the current weather information and requested a clearance direct to the HILGA intersection for the area navigation (RNAV) GPSrunway 13 approach to HBG. Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) data provided by the Federal Aviation Administration captured the accident flight. About 2251, the pilot began to fly the procedure turn for the RNAV approach; at 2252:12, the airplane’s airspeed was 88 knots. The airspeed fluctuated before the airplane accelerated back to 140 knots as the airplane crossed HILGA and descended to 2,000 ft msl. As the airplane approached the final approach fix (CUPPA), the airplane descended before the fix and crossed it 300 ft low. The airplane’s descent stopped for about 30 seconds, and the airplane then descended about 1,300 ft per minute. The airplane’s airspeed decreased as the airplane continued to descend; at 2301:24, when the airplane’s airspeed was about 85 knots its altitude was 500 ft msl. The last recorded data point showed the airplane at an altitude of about 460 ft msl and 750 ft from the accident site. The airplane impacted the front of an occupied residence, and a postimpact fire ensued. Figure 1 shows the airplane’s approach path and wreckage location. Figure 1. Airplane’s approach path with accident site location with times and altitudes annotated. An autopsy of the pilot was conducted by the Mississippi Office of the State Medical Examiner, Pearl, Mississippi. His cause of death was blunt force injuries. No significant natural disease was identified by the medical examiner. Toxicological testing by the FAA Forensic Sciences Laboratory detected zopiclone, which was related to the pilot’s use of eszopiclone. a sedative used to treat insomnia. On his application for an FAA medical certificate, date June 24, 2020, the pilot reported the use of losartan (to treat high blood pressure), sitagliptin-metformin (to treat diabetes), and atorvastatin (to treat high cholesterol). Weather information for the accident flight revealed the potential for clouds between 700 to 1,400 ft, light low-level windshear between 1,100 and 2,300 ft, and light-to-moderate clear air turbulence below 4,000 ft. The pilot’s logbooks were not located during the investigation. On his last application for a Federal Aviation Administration medical certificate, the pilot reported having accrued 30 hours of flight time in the preceding 6 months. He was issued a Continued Authorization for Special Issuance. On November 13, 2020, the pilot completed recurrent training to satisfy the Title 14 CFR Part 91, subpart N, Mitsubishi MU-2B series Special Training, Experience, and Operating Requirements. His training record indicated that the pilot received average scores. On December 28, 2011, the pilot was involved in a hard landing while piloting an MU 2B 20, which resulted in substantial damage to the fuselage (See NTSB Report ERA12CA128). The pilot purchased N322TA on February 1, 2012. The accident site was located 2.24 miles from the approach end of runway 13. The postimpact fire consumed most of the airplane and the residence. The accident site was largelycontained to one area with a small debris field, consistent with a low-energy impact, as shown in figure 2. Figure 2. Accident site. Postaccident examination of the wreckage found that the airplane was configured with its landing gear down and flaps at 20°. All major flight controls were found at the accident site. Disassembly of both engines revealed debris consistent with roofing tiles in the combustion chambers. In addition, both engines contained signatures of rotational scoring and torsional fractures. Both propellers displayed witness marks indicating blade positions between 25° and 28°, which was consistent with a low power setting. Examination of the airframe, engines, and propellers revealed no preimpact anomalies. The airplane’s Honeywell KMH 920 Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System was found in the wreckage. Data downloaded from the device revealed that alerts for mode 1 excessive descent rates (“sink rate” and “pull up”) were generated before the accident. No input faults were detected. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N322TA](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N322TA-2022-04-02), registration cancelled 2022-04-02, S/N 760 S.A. (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: MITSUBISHI MU2B (60) - Registry model: [Mitsubishi MU-2B-60](https://openairdocs.org/model/mitsubishi-mu-2b-60) (registry code 5780460) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 760 S.A. - Year built: 1979 - Airframe hours: 7610.1 - Engines: Honeywell TPE331-10-501M 715 horsepower turbo prop; Honeywell TPE331-10-501M 715 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Northshore Group LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 14, 2019 - Departed: SPS, Wichita Falls, TX - Destination: Same as departure - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: HBG, Hattiesburg Bobby L Chain Muni, runway 13/31, 6,094 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system, Auto-pilot, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 67; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 14, 2020; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 7,834 total, 500 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/dark - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 700 ft broken - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 29.95 inHg - Turbulence: Moderate - Observed at: KHBG, 2 nm away - METAR: KHBG 050353Z AUTO 00000KT 10SM BKN007 OVC120 19/18 A2995 RMK AO2 LTG DSNT SE RAB0257E06 SLP138 P0000 T01940178 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20210504009279A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210504009279A), May 4, 2021: Mitsubishi MU-2B-60, Hattiesburg, MS, Destroyed, 4 fatal. On may 4, 2021, N322TA departed wichita falls municipal airport (sps), wichita falls, Texas, about 2057 and was en route to the Bobby l Chain municipal airport… ## Docket (14 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 20, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=103032. 112 MB in all. - Record of conversation - adcock (item 1, PDF, 1 page, 114 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14580415&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20-%20Adcock-Rel.pdf - Pilot's 2020 gradesheet (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 332 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15949699&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=2020%20Gradesheet_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Examination summary (item 3, PDF, 13 pages, 9 photos, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15892735&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN21FA209%20Examination%20Summary-Rel.pdf - Meteorology specialist's factual report (item 4, PDF, 9 pages, 2.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12297576&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WX_CEN21FA209_Specialists_Factual-Rel.pdf - Aircraft performance study (item 5, PDF, 15 pages, 4.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14400279&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN21FA209_Performance_StudywCharts-Rel.pdf - Security camera recording - study (item 6, PDF, 9 pages, 818 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14923955&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN21FA209%20Security%20Study_Final1-Rel.pdf - Attachment 1 to security camera recording - study (item 7, MKV, 82.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14924425&FileExtension=mkv&FileName=Ch09-docket-Rel.mkv - FAA record of audio transmissions (item 8, PDF, 2 pages, 437 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15306615&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Record%20of%20Audio%20Transmissions-Rel.pdf - RNAV (GPS) y rwy 13 approach procedure (item 9, PDF, 1 page, 455 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15306625&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=RNAV%20Y%20Rwy%2013%20KHBG-Rel.pdf - Latest maintenance records (item 10, PDF, 5 pages, 17.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15383898&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Latest%20Entries_Redacted-Rel.pdf - NTSB medical factual (item 11, PDF, 3 pages, 232 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15307124&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN21FA209_Hattiesburg_MS_Medical_Factual_FINAL_092922_rev-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report (item 12, PDF, 1 page, 555 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14580405&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=2021_062_001_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 13, PDF, 3 pages, 568 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15881900&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN21FA209%20Party%20Forms_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 14, PDF, 1 page, 159 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15892941&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20Wreckage%20Release%20N322TA%20(signed)_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.