# NTSB CEN21LA167: Beech 35, N3953N, Bridgeport, TX, March 26, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: March 26, 2021, 15:27 local (20:27 UTC) - Place: Bridgeport, TX - Coordinates: 33.18427, -97.828308 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.1843&lon=-97.8283&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR pattern final: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA, Textron Aviation - NTSB case key (mKey): 102810 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN21LA167 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102810/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102810 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA167 ## Probable cause The pilots’ failure to maintain adequate airspeed during a simulated power-off approach in gusting wind conditions, which resulted in an exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack, an aerodynamic stall, and loss of control. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 35, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 35, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 35, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 35, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) - [Turbulence](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032000): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcome (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 35, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032000/cases.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 92 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032000/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Beech 35, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Beech 35, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=1151502), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot and flight instructor were conducting an approach and landing following a simulated loss of engine power in gusting wind conditions. One witness stated that the airplane was descending from the north and appeared to be slow. It pulled up right before it hit trees, then “flipped” and hit the ground upright. Another witness saw the airplane at low altitude near the airport. He stated that the nose was up in the air and the tail barely cleared the power lines along the road. After crossing the road, the airplane pitched up and banked to the right. The right wing hit trees and the airplane descended out of sight. A review of weather information revealed gusting wind conditions and thermal activity. An encounter with a thermal, with associated turbulence or a downdraft, was possible given the synoptic conditions and observations. The recorded engine data revealed that the engine was operating at a low power setting, similar to idle, and no anomalies were noted. The airplane wreckage was sold for salvage and scrap before examination, and flight control continuity could not be confirmed. Based on the pilot and witness statements, it is likely that, during the simulated loss of engine power, the pilots failed to maintain adequate airspeed during the landing approach in gusting wind conditions and exceeded the airplane’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and loss of control. ## Factual narrative The maintenance logbooks were not available for review. The owner stated that an annual inspection had been completed within the last year and that the engine had about 350 hours since the last overhaul. On March 26, 2021, at 1527 central standard time, a Beech 35 airplane, N3953N, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Bridgeport, Texas. The airline transport pilot and flight instructor were seriously injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The pilot stated the purpose of the flight was to conduct his flight review. He and the instructor landed and fueled the airplane. Sometime after takeoff, they practiced a simulated loss of engine power and returned to the airport. While approaching the runway with engine power at idle, the airplane encountered a strong downdraft, but the pilot did not recall what happened after that. The instructor stated that he did not remember any of the accident flight. One witness stated that the airplane was descending from the north and appeared to be slow. It pulled up right before it hit the trees, then “flipped” and hit the ground upright. Another witness observed the airplane traveling at low altitude over a highway near the airport. He stated that the airplane’s nose was up in the air and the tail barely cleared the power lines along the road. After crossing the road, the nose pitched up and the airplane banked to the right. The right wing hit trees and the airplane descended out of sight. The witness stated that he could not hear the airplane as it passed over him on the road and did not recall if the propeller was turning. Automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast (ADS-B) data revealed that the airplane departed and entered a left traffic pattern for runway 18. On the downwind leg abeam the runway threshold, the airplane began to descend. While on short final, about 30 ft above ground level (agl), the airplane veered slightly left and began to climb. The final ADS-B point was recorded at 50 ft agl, and about 130 ft laterally from the accident site. One witness stated that, just before the accident he checked the weather, and the wind was reported from the east about 15 mph. He added that the wind was gusting when he was outside at the accident site. The airport manager stated to the FAA that the wind gusts were 20 to 22 knots about the time of the accident. The surface observations just before the accident included wind from the south at 12 knots gusting to 17 knots, which resulted in an approximate 11-knot headwind and a 5-knot crosswind for runway 18. The synoptic conditions depicted no frontal or other boundaries to cause any large-scale wind shifts and the radar mosaics indicated no convective wind shear conditions were identified over the region at the time of the accident. A weather model sounding depicted southerly wind and a dry conditional unstable atmosphere which supported thermals through approximately5,000 ft, with likely associated turbulence and downdrafts. There was an active AIRMET Tango for occasional moderate turbulence over the area which included the accident site. A pilot report of light turbulence at low levels was likely due to thermals. The airplane came to rest upright in a residential yard. The wings both exhibited tree impact marks and sustained ground impact damage. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings, fuselage, and empennage. At the request of the NTSB, a local mechanic examined the airplane and determined that the fuel sector valve was working properly and that there was fuel available in the fuel system. Before a thorough examination of the wreckage could be conducted, the airplane wreckage was sold for salvage and scrap, and flight control continuity was not confirmed. The airplane was equipped with two electronic devices that contained non-volatile memory: a JPI Fuel Scan FS-450 and an Insight graphic engine monitor GEM 610. The JPI FS-450 can display fuel information, but the fuel status is dependent on the user to properly program the amount of fuel onboard the airplane before each flight. When powered on, the device displayed that the last remaining record of fuel used was 0.9 gallons, and the fuel remaining was 52.1 gallons. The Insight GEM 610 can record and display engine parameters. The recorded data revealed that the engine exhaust gas temperatures (EGT) and cylinder head temperatures (CHT) decreased toward the end of the flight, which corresponded to the airplane on the downwind leg of the traffic pattern. In the last 12 seconds of data, the EGTs began to increase. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3953N](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3953N-2023-05-17), registration cancelled 2023-05-17, S/N D-1213, built 1947 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BEECH 35 - Registry model: [Beech 35](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-35) (registry code 1151502) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental E185 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-e185-series) (registry code 17014, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: D-1213 - Year built: 1947 - Airframe hours: 4051.33 - Engines: Continental Motors E-185-11 185 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Weaver Clyde W - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 1, 2020 - Airport: XBP, Bridgeport Muni, runway 18/36, 5,005 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: ADS-B, Data recorder ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 78; injuries: serious; commercial, flight instructor, airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: basicmed; seat: left; flight hours: 5,340 total - Flight instructor; age 76; injuries: serious; commercial, airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: right; flight hours: 8,614 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 160° at 12 knots, gusting 17 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 75 °F, dew point 45 °F - Altimeter: 29.87 inHg - Turbulence: Moderate - Observed at: KXBP ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20210326022479A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210326022479A), Mar 26, 2021: Beech 35, Bridgeport, TX, Substantial damage. On March 29, 2021 at approximately 1546 central daylight time, Beechcraft bonanza 35 N3953N impacted the ground after clipping several trees short of runway… ## Docket (13 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 27, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102810. 36.0 MB in all. - Correspondence - statements (item 1, PDF, 5 pages, 29 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12505618&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ROCs%20-%20all-Rel.pdf - Witness statements (item 2, PDF, 3 pages, 2.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12520486&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Trooper%27s%20Witness%20Statements_Redacted-Rel.pdf - FAA inspector's statement (item 3, PDF, 5 pages, 134 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12520496&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N3953N%20Accident%20(FAA%20statement)-Rel.pdf - Flight track (plots) (item 4, PDF, 5 pages, 6.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12506690&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Flight%20Track%20with%20notations%20and%20altitudes-Rel.pdf - ADS-B data (item 5, XLSX, 28 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12507264&FileExtension=xlsx&FileName=Basic%20ADS-B%20Performance%20Data-Rel.xlsx - Photos (item 6, PDF, 8 pages, 5.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12606713&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photos-Rel.pdf - Fuel inspection form (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 4.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12603269&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=EPICs%20Fuel%20Form_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Electronic recorder devices - specialist's factual report (item 8, PDF, 9 pages, 2.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12249853&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Electronic%20Recorder%20Devices%20-%20Specialist%27s%20Factual%20Report-Rel.pdf - Attachment 1 to electronic recorder devices - specialist's factual report -- tabular data (item 9, CSV, 50 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12249863&FileExtension=csv&FileName=Attachment%201%20to%20Electronic%20Recorder%20Devices%20-%20Specialist%27s%20Factual%20Report%20--%20Tabular%20Data-Rel.csv - Maintenance records (item 10, PDF, 2 pages, 12.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12525619&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Annual%20-%20Nov%201%202020_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Meteorology factual report (item 11, PDF, 16 pages, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12622870&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN21LA167%20-%20Bridgeport,%20TX%20Wx%20Factual-Rel.pdf - Meteorology attachment 1 - thermal bubble (item 12, MP4, 990 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12622030&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=Rising%20Thermal%20-%204km%20x%204km_sd-Rel.mp4 - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 13, PDF, 1 page, 239 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12507558&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Party%20Representative%20Textron_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.