# NTSB CEN22LA341: Cessna 421B, N21GF, Riverdale, NE, July 16, 2022 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: July 16, 2022, 16:20 local (21:20 UTC) - Place: Riverdale, NE - Coordinates: 40.77859, -99.167098 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.7786&lon=-99.1671&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR go-around: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 4 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Textron Aviation, FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 105576 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN22LA341 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/105576/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=105576 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22LA341 ## Probable cause A total loss of engine power as a result of fuel exhaustion. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 421B, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=2076014), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid level (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 421B, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=2076014), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Planning/preparation: fuel planning](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 421B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md?model=2076014), [All aircraft, 719 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR go-around: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 421B, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md?model=2076014), [All aircraft, 733 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR go-around: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341); cases with it: [Cessna 421B, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=2076014), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that he departed on the estimated 1-hour flight with about 110 gallons of fuel onboard. Upon reaching the destination airport, he elected to perform a go-around. During the go-around the left engine lost total power. The airplane descended into a corn field, resulting in substantial damage to both wings. The second pilot on board reported that, while on final approach for landing, both engines sputtered at about the same time, “like fuel exhaustion.” He estimated the airplane’s total fuel consumption to be about 40 to 45 gallons per hour. He stated that he thought the airplane had about 80 gallons of fuel on board at the time of the accident. A postaccident examination revealed that the fuel selector for the left engine was in the “LEFT MAIN” position and the selector for the right engine was in the “RIGHT MAIN” position. The left main fuel tank (located on the wingtip) separated from the airplane during the impact and was absent of fuel. The right main tank contained about 1 gallon of fuel, the right auxiliary tank contained about 5 gallons of fuel, and the left auxiliary tank and left nacelle tank were absent of fuel. After reconnecting the wiring, fuel quantity indicators were functionally checked with no anomalies noted. During a postaccident engine examination, no mechanical malfunctions or anomalies were found that would have precluded normal operation. The total amount of fuel onboard the airplane before the flight could not be determined; however, given the lack of fuel found in the tanks after the accident and no indications of engine anomalies, it is likely that the loss of engine power was the result of fuel exhaustion. ## Factual narrative On July 16, 2022, about 1620 central daylight time, a Cessna 421B airplane, N21GF, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Riverdale, Nebraska. The two pilots and two passengers were uninjured and one passenger sustained minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 flight. The private pilot seated in the left seat reported that, before the flight, the airplane had about 50 gallons of fuel on board, and he elected to add an additional 60 gallons for a total of 110 gallons. The airplane departed Goodland, Kansas (GLD), about 1520 for the estimated one-hour flight to Riverdale Airport (43NE), Riverdale, Nebraska. The pilot stated that he initially planned a straight-in landing to runway 35; however, he elected to enter the downwind leg for runway 17. While on the base leg with the landing gear and flaps extended, he noted that he was too far west for landing and increased engine power and retracted the landing gear to initiate a go-around. When the throttle was applied, the left engine lost power and the airplane descended into a corn field. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings when the leading edges were crushed aft. The crushing damage exceeded 10% of the total wing span. The second pilot reported that, on short final for runway 17, both engines sputtered “like fuel exhaustion.” He estimated the total fuel consumption to be about 40 to 45 gallons per hour. He stated that he thought the airplane had about 80 gallons of fuel on board at the time of the accident. A postaccident examination revealed that the fuel selector for the left engine was in the “LEFT MAIN” position and the selector for the right engine was in the “RIGHT MAIN” position. The left main fuel tank (located on the wingtip) separated from the airplane during the impact and was absent of fuel. The right main tank contained about 1 gallon of fuel, the right auxiliary tank contained about 5 gallons of fuel, and the left auxiliary tank and left nacelle tank were absent of fuel. Although the fuel quantity indicating system wiring was disconnected during recovery operations, the right wing fuel quantity system, main and auxiliary tank systems, were still intact postaccident. The left wing main tank fuel quantity indicating system could not be tested due to impact damage. The wiring for the right wing fuel quantity system was reconnected to the airplane via the use of “jumper wires” and electrical power was restored to the airplane for testing. Once fully connected, the right wing fuel quantity indicating system functioned as designed. When a known quantity of fuel was poured into the main tank, the fuel quantity gauge indicator responded to the fuel level change and indicated roughly the amount of fuel poured into the tank in pounds of fuel. Using the right wing tank system, the wiring from the right wing fuel quantity sending system was connected to the left side of the indicator system. Aswith the previous test, when a known quantity of fuel was poured into the wing, the left gauge responded correctly to the amount of fuel poured into the wing tanks. Postaccident examination of the engines revealed no mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N21GF](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N21GF), registered now, S/N 421B-0209, built 1971 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 421B - Registry model: [Cessna 421B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-421b) (registry code 2076014) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental GTSIO-520-C](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-gtsio-520-c) (registry code 17035, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 421B-0209 - Year built: 1971 - Airframe hours: 6207 - Engines: Continental Motors GTSIO 520 275 horsepower reciprocating; Continental Motors GTSIO 520 275 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 91 - Operator: Hawkfitz LLC - Registered owner: Hawkfitz LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, July 1, 2022, 14 hours before - Departed: KGLD, Goodland, KS - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: 43NE, Onion Crest Airpark, runway 17, 3,400 × 50 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Auto-pilot, ADS-B, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 74; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 12, 2022; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 6,310 total, 3,660 in this make and model, 6,310 as pilot in command, 35 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days, 8 in the last 24 hours - Co-pilot; age 69; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review February 7, 2022; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 23,900 total, 2,800 in this make and model, 23,500 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 20 in the last 30 days, 8 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 40° at 7 knots - Visibility: 6 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Observed at: KEAR ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20220716019419A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20220716019419A), Jul 16, 2022: Cessna 421B, Riverdale, NE, Substantial damage. [privacy data omitted] Departed goodland Kansas after taking on 50 gallons of fuel in route to Riverdale Nebraska (43NE). On a northern approach, the pilot… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 27, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=105576. 5.0 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 9 pages, 2.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14922366&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN22LA341%206120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - SIC record of conversation (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 76 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14922356&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=SIC%20Statement-Rel.pdf - Passenger information (item 3, PDF, 6 pages, 712 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14923548&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Passenger%20Statement%20Memo_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Examination summary (item 4, PDF, 3 pages, 164 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14914162&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Examination%20Summary-Rel.pdf - Fuel receipt (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 53 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15067918&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Fuel%20Receipt_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 6, PDF, 3 pages, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14923895&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photos-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 122 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14914144&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Signed%20Wreckage%20Release_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.