# NTSB CEN22LA427: Cessna A188A, N2122U, Canby, MN, September 12, 2022 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: September 11, 2022, 19:00 local (Sep 12, 2022, 00:00 UTC) - Place: Canby, MN - Coordinates: 44.7295, -96.266028 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.7295&lon=-96.2660&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration, MSP FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 105980 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN22LA427 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/105980/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=105980 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22LA427 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to maintain airplane control during the landing, which resulted in an overload failure of the tailwheel cross tube and subsequent impact with the runway. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna A188A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=2073008), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md) - [Landing gear system: nose/tail landing gear](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023220): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna A188A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023220/cases.md?model=2073008), [All aircraft, 185 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023220/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-landing roll: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna A188A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md?model=2073008), [All aircraft, 994 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot stated that the tailwheel spring cross tube broke when the tailwheel landing gear touched down. After landing, the airplane made an immediate turn and spun around. The left main landing gear collapsed, and the left wing struck the ground. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the wing. Postaccident examination of the tailwheel spring cross tube revealed that the outside diameter of the tube was about 0.002 inch smaller than the specified nominal outside diameter of 0.875 inch, and the wall thickness was 0.0009 inch thinner than the specified nominal wall thickness of 0.049 inch for the original tube design. Examination of the tube showed signatures consistent with overstress deformation. The part dimensions indicated the part could have been from original manufacture and likely had not been replaced since at least 1985, when the drawing for replacement parts was changed to have a thicker wall, 0.120 inch. An uncoated steel part of that age used in an airplane used in aerial application service would be expected to have a more corroded surface than what was observed on the accident part. The surface condition suggests it may have been recently sanded, possibly removing about 0.001 inch of material around the outside diameter. The recent change in outside diameter likely did not significantly affect the strength of the tube. The bending strength of the tube was reduced by about 2 percent relative to the nominal tube based on a comparison of the bending moments required to reach given stress at the exterior surface. Similarly, the cross-sectional area was also reduced by just 2 percent. While some increase in impact loading on the tube could be expected due to the additional clearance between the tube and the fitting, the failure is more likely attributed to loads that exceeded the maximum design load for the tailwheel. An additional margin of safety could have been achieved if the tube had been replaced with the thicker-walled replacement part rather than apparently having been cleaned up and reused. The metallurgical examination of the tailwheel spring cross tube revealed that it failed in overload, which indicates that it was not the initiating event for the loss of control. It is likely that the pilot failed to maintain airplane control during the landing sequence, which resulted in a ground loop and the substantial damage to the left wing and the fractured tailwheel spring cross tube. ## Factual narrative On September 11, 2022, at 1900 central daylight time, a Cessna A188A, N2122U, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Canby, Minnesota. The pilot was uninjured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 137 aerial application flight. The pilot stated that, during the landing, the airplane made an immediate turn when the tailwheel touched down. The airplane spun around, the left main landing gear collapsed, and the left wing struck the ground. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. The pilot stated that the tailwheel spring cross tube broke when the tailwheel touched down. He said that the tube had a wall thickness of 0.055 inch, and the superseded tube had a wall thickness of 0.125 inch. The cross tube was examined by the National Transportation Safety Board Materials Laboratory. The tube wall at the location of the right joint was flattened and substantially deformed consistent with ductile overstress deformation of the tube, and the deformation corresponded to the upward displacement of the attach fitting right end relative to the adjacent fuselage lug. The piece of the tube that had been retained within the lug was ovalized, also consistent with overstress deformation associated with the relative displacement. The tube material was identified as alloy 4130 steel, consistent with the specified material for the part. The tube had an outside diameter of 0.873 inch and a wall thickness of 0.0481 inch. According to an engineering drawing for the tube at the time of airplane manufacture in 1970, the specified tube had a nominal outside diameter of 0.875 inch and a wall thickness of 0.049 inch. Therefore, the outside diameter of the tube was about 0.002 inch smaller than the specified nominal outside diameter of 0.875 inch, and the wall thickness was 0.0009 inch thinner than the specified nominal wall thickness of 0.049 inch for the original tube design. In 1985, the wall thickness of replacement parts (the airplane model was no longer in manufacture in 1985) was changed to 0.120 inch. The measured hardness was consistent with values for the specified material. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2122U](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N2122U), registered now, S/N 18800672, built 1970 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA A188A - Registry model: [Cessna A188A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-a188a) (registry code 2073008) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18800672 - Year built: 1970 - Airframe hours: 2548 - Engines: Continental IO-520-D reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial application, Part 137 - Operator: Anderson Aerial Spraying Service - Registered owner: Anderson Aerial Spraying Service - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, July 1, 2022 - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: CNB, Myers Field Airport, runway 12, 4,648 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 79; injuries: none; flight engineer, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, single-engine sea, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review July 2, 2022; seat: single; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 14,299 total, 5,266 in this make and model, 13,700 as pilot in command, 60 in the last 90 days, 20 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 43 °F - Altimeter: 30.12 inHg - Observed at: CNB ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20220911011129A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20220911011129A), Sep 11, 2022: Cessna A188A, Canby, MN, Substantial damage. Pilot had previously departed from cnb at approximately 17.55 CDT with a load of cover crop seed. At approximately 19:05 CDT the pilot returned to cnb to… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 20, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=105980. 4.0 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 3.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15920403&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Materials laboratory factual report 23-014 (item 2, PDF, 5 pages, 3 photos, 438 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15252849&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=23-014-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 170 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15938967&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.