# NTSB CEN23LA082: Cessna 182R, N9393H, Las Animas, CO, January 14, 2023

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report
- Date: January 14, 2023, 11:15 local (18:15 UTC)
- Place: Las Animas, CO
- Coordinates: 38.054028, -103.23847 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.0540&lon=-103.2385&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Approach-VFR pattern final: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 3 uninjured
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class: Class 3
- NTSB office: Central Region
- Parties: FAA FSDO
- NTSB case key (mKey): 106585
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN23LA082
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/106585/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=106585
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN23LA082

## Probable cause

The student pilot’s loss of control during approach for landing and the flight instructor’s inadequate supervision of the approach and delay in ensuring a go-around was performed at the onset of a stall warning.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md)
- [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md)
- [Action: lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 792 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md)
- [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md)
- [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Approach-VFR pattern final: Stall warn/stick-shaker/pusher](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/430); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/430/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 37 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/430/sequence.md)
- [Approach-VFR pattern final: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md)
- [Approach-VFR pattern final: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md)
- [Initial climb: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md)
- [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The airplane was on a visual approach for landing during an instructional flight when the stall warning sounded as it approached the runway threshold. The flight instructor told the student pilot to add engine power to avoid a hard landing. She added engine power, the airplane veered left, and then bounced on the runway while the stall warning continued to sound. The flight instructor then told her to add full engine power. She added full engine power and the airplane continued to veer left and did not climb. The airplane settled into a field adjacent to the runway and sustained substantial damage to the left horizontal stabilizer. The application of engine power at a low airspeed would have necessitated greater control input to counter torque effects from the added power. The stall warning annunciation during the approach to landing was consistent with an unstabilized approach, during which an immediate go-around should have been instructed to the student pilot or performed by the flight instructor. The flight instructor stated that the airplane should have attained a climb rate and attributed the lack of climb rate to an engine problem. The student pilot, however, attributed the lack of airplane climb rate to its low airspeed and high angle of attack during the go-around. A postaccident engine examination and engine run revealed no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the engine that would have precluded normal operation.

## Factual narrative

On January 14, 2023, at 1115 mountain standard time, a Cessna 182R, N9393H, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Las Animas, Colorado. The flight instructor, student pilot, and a passenger were uninjured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight. The airplane was on a turn to the final approach leg for a visual approach and landing at the destination airport, when the flight instructor told the student pilot to watch out for several powerlines left of the airplane. He thought that it startled the student pilot because she began to increase airplane pitch. He then told her that she pitched up too high and to reduce pitch and add some engine power. As the airplane approached the runway threshold, the stall warning horn began to sound and, as the airplane crossed over the runway numbers, he told her to add more engine power to avoid a hard landing. She added engine power, the airplane veered left, and then bounced on the runway while the stall warning continued to sound. He then told her to add full engine power. She added full engine power and the airplane continued to veer left and did not climb. The airplane was airborne when it hit a 4-foot-high fence and then settled into a field adjacent to the runway. The airplane sustained substantial damage that included damage to the left horizontal stabilizer. The flight instructor stated that the airplane should have attained a climb rate and attributed the lack of climb rate to an engine problem. The student pilot, however, attributed the lack of airplane climb rate to its low airspeed and high angle of attack during the go-around. A postaccident engine examination and engine run revealed no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the engine that would have precluded normal operation.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N9393H](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N9393H), registered now, S/N 18267942 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 182R
- Registry model: [Cessna 182R](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182r) (registry code 2072731) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 18267942
- Year built: 1981
- Airframe hours: 2139
- Engines: Continental O-470-U 230 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Registered owner: C&C Specialty Inc
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, September 23, 2022
- Departed: PUB, Pueblo, CO
- Destination: Same as departure
- Flight plan: VFR
- Airport: 7V9, Bent County Airport, runway 26, 3,870 × 40 ft, asphalt
- Equipment: Stall warning system, Handheld GPS, ADS-B

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Flight instructor; age 67; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review July 22, 2021; seat: right; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 3,841 total, 2,172 in this make and model, 3,666 as pilot in command, 75 in the last 90 days, 25 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours
- Student pilot; age 48; injuries: none; student; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 85 total, 85 in this make and model, 10 as pilot in command, 8 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 290° at 6 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 46 °F, dew point 21 °F
- Altimeter: 29.87 inHg
- Observed at: LHX, 13 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20230114001049A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20230114001049A), Jan 14, 2023: Cessna 182R, Las Alimas, CO, Substantial damage. On January 14, 2023, at las Animas county airport (7V9) at 1130 a.m. local, PIC CFI and student were executing a normal landing to runway 26. Student pilot was…

## Other investigations on N9393H (1)

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

- [NTSB DEN88LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN88LA073), Jan 31, 1988: Cessna 182R (N9393H), Pueblo, CO, substantial damage

## Docket (8 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 28, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=106585. 8.8 MB in all.

- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 flight instructor (item 1, PDF, 13 pages, 3.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16523713&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20Flight%20Instructor%20Master%202%20Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 student pilot (item 2, PDF, 11 pages, 2.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16523992&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20Student%20Pilot%20Master_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Flight instructor statement (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 2.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16561924&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CFI%20Statement%20Master_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Student pilot statement (item 4, PDF, 2 pages, 76 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16525560&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Student%20Pilot%20Statement%20Master_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Record of conversation flight instructor (item 5, PDF, 3 pages, 105 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16524735&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20-%20Flight%20Instructor_Redacted2-Rel.pdf
- Record of conversation student pilot (item 6, PDF, 3 pages, 104 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16524440&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20-%20Student%20Pilot_Redacted2-Rel.pdf
- Post-accident aircraft inspection (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 84 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16525661&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N9393H%20Insepction%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Photos (item 8, PDF, 1 page, 575 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16526006&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Template-Rel.pdf

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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