# NTSB CEN23LA218: Piper J3C, N6384H, Romeoville, IL, April 27, 2023 - Type: NTSB incident investigation - Classification: Incident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: April 27, 2023, 14:00 local (19:00 UTC) - Place: Romeoville, IL - Coordinates: 41.608067, -88.103775 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.6081&lon=-88.1038&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Part(s) separation from AC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: McCauley Propeller Systems, FAA Greater Chicago FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 192286 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN23LA218 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/192286/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=192286 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN23LA218 ## Probable cause The inflight failure of the propeller blade due to fatigue cracking from corrosion pits, initiating at the midpoint of the cambered face. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Propeller system: propeller blade section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046111): Aircraft › Aircraft propeller/rotor · Fatigue/wear/corrosion (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046111/cases.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 51 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046111/cases.md) - [Propeller system: propeller blade section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046111): Aircraft › Aircraft propeller/rotor · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046111/cases.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 51 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046111/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Initial climb: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Powerplant sys/comp malf/fail](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Part(s) separation from AC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 563 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Landing: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Piper J3C-65, 17 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=7100510), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that no anomalies were noted during the preflight inspection of the airplane. During the takeoff, about 650 ft agl, the airplane began to shake “very violently.” The pilot closed the throttle, issued an emergency transmission to the air traffic control tower, and executed a 180° turn to the left to land back on the departure runway. About halfway through turn, the pilot turned off the engine as he felt the airplane could successfully make the landing. The pilot was able to land the airplane on the runway without further incident. After the pilot exited the airplane, he noticed that about 5 inches of the outboard portion of one of the aluminum propeller blades had separated. The airplane sustained minor damage to the propeller. Postincident examination revealed features that were consistent with fatigue cracking initiating at the midpoint of the cambered face of the propeller blade. These initiation sites exhibited corrosion pits consistent with those found on the cambered face of the propeller, which had been present underneath the paint and primer. On closer examination, these pits exhibited higher amounts of chlorine than the rest of the blade surfaces. It is unclear as to the origin of the pitting corrosion, which was likely due to chlorine species. Chlorine is a common element known to cause pitting of aluminum alloys in service. Many chemicals, locales, and substances can impart chlorine (as well as sulfur, phosphorus, and alkali metals) onto metal parts. These constituents can diffuse through a variety of coatings and materials, though their effectiveness resisting potentially aggressive chemicals in this case is unknown. The propeller was overhauled on January 28, 2015, and the total time since new was listed as “unknown.” The propeller was installed on the airplane on August 18, 2015. The maintenance records did not show any overhaul work performed on the propeller since it was installed on the airplane. According to the propeller manufacturer, this propeller is to be overhauled at 2,000 hours or 72 calendar months, whichever occurs first. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) does not mandate that propellers be overhauled for Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 operations. Cracks in propellers can grow to fracture in just a few flights once started. At overhaul, the paint, primer, and any coatings would likely be removed, and the surfaces refinished. These processes would likely remove surface stress concentrators like pitting and other imperfections, along with detecting any visible cracks. With the blade being 2.5 years outside of a recommended overhaul, the chances of cracks initiating would be higher. ## Factual narrative On April 27, 2023, about 1400 central daylight time, a Piper J3C-65 airplane, N6384H, sustained minor damage when it was involved in an incident near Romeoville, Illinois. The pilot sustained no injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight. The pilot reported that during the preflight inspection of the airplane, no anomalies were noted. The pilot decided to use runway 09 for the departure at the Lewis University Airport (LOT), Romeoville, Illinois, for the local area flight. During the takeoff, about 650 ft agl, the airplane began to shake “very violently.” The pilot closed the throttle, issued an emergency transmission to the LOT air traffic control tower, and executed a 180° turn to the left to land back on the departure runway. About halfway through turn, the pilot turned off the engine as he felt the airplane could successfully make the landing. The pilot was able to land the airplane on the runway without further incident. After the pilot exited the airplane, he noticed that about 5 inches of the outboard portion of one of the aluminum propeller blades had separated. The separated blade segment was not recovered. The propeller sustained minor damage. There was no other damage sustained to the propeller, the engine, and the airframe. The airplane was equipped with a McCauley 1B90/CM7144 fixed pitch propeller. Postincident examination revealed features consistent with fatigue cracking initiating at the midpoint of the cambered face of the propeller blade. These initiation sites exhibited corrosion pits consistent with those found on the cambered face of the propeller, which had been present underneath the paint and primer. An annual inspection was performed on the airplane on October 25, 2022. A review of the airplane’s maintenance records revealed that the airplane had accumulated 0.7 hours since the annual inspection was performed. The propeller was overhauled on January 28, 2015, and the total time since new was listed as “unknown.” The propeller was installed on the airplane on August 18, 2015. The propeller had about 223 total hours since its installation. The maintenance records did not show any overhaul work performed on the propeller since it was installed on the airplane. According to McCauley, this propeller is to be overhauled at 2,000 hours or 72 calendar months, whichever occurs first. The FAA does not mandate that propellers be overhauled for 14 CFR Part 91 operations. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N6384H](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N6384H), registered now, S/N 19565, built 1946 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER J3C (65) - Registry model: [Piper J3C-65](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-j3c-65) (registry code 7100510) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental C85 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c85-series) (registry code 17008, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 19565 - Year built: 1946 - Airframe hours: 4531 - Engines: Continental Motors C85-12F 85 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 25, 2022, 0.7 hours before - Airport: LOT, Lewis University, runway 09, 5,500 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 80; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: basicmed, with waivers/limitations; last flight review August 1, 2022; seat: rear; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 2,684 total, 1,768 in this make and model, 2,542 as pilot in command, 6 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 130° at 9 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 29.98 inHg - Observed at: KLOT, 1 nm away - METAR: KLOT 271845Z 13009KT 10SM CLR 18/M01 A2998 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Incident 20230427007229I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20230427007229I), Apr 27, 2023: Piper J3C-65, Romeoville, IL, Minor damage. On April 27, 2023, the pilot of a J3C-65, departed Lewis University Airport (klot) on runway 9. On climb out at approximately 800 feet AGL the aircraft began… ## Other investigations on N6384H (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB NYC66D0535](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC66D0535), Feb 7, 1966: Piper J3 (N6384H), Cherry Hill, NJ, substantial damage ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 20, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=192286. 69.2 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 9 pages, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16591456&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20Form%206120_1%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Accident photographs (item 2, PDF, 5 pages, 3.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16470019&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Accident%20Photographs-Rel.pdf - Materials laboratory factual report (item 3, PDF, 25 pages, 33 photos, 5.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16226648&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=23-067%20-%20Materials%20Lab%20Factual%20Report%20(CEN23LA218)-Rel.pdf - Engine and propeller maintenance records (item 4, PDF, 11 pages, 20.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16470178&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N6384H%20Engine%20and%20Propeller%20Maintenance%20Records%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Additional information (item 5, PDF, 7 pages, 443 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16589886&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Additional%20Information%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Mccauley propeller systems - MPC26-06 owner/operator information manual excerpt (item 6, PDF, 5 pages, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16591288&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=McCauley%20MPC26-06%20Manual%20Excerpt-Rel.pdf - FAA type certificate data sheet - A-691 (item 7, PDF, 21 pages, 68 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16469670&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=A-691%20Rev%2034-Rel.pdf - NTSB party member form - mccauley propeller systems (item 8, PDF, 1 page, 36.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16589876&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20Party%20Member%20Form%20-%20McCauley%20Propeller%20Systems%20Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.