# NTSB CEN24LA072: Cessna 172M, N46056, Red Lake, MN, December 19, 2023 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report - Date: December 19, 2023, 09:05 local (15:05 UTC) - Place: Red Lake, MN - Coordinates: 47.929656, -95.032922 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=47.9297&lon=-95.0329&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 193566 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN24LA072 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/193566/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=193566 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN24LA072 ## Probable cause The pilot’s inadequate landing surface evaluation and failure to stop the airplane on the frozen lake, which resulted the airplane continuing into a crack in the ice. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: snow/slush/ice covered surface](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023015): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172M, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023015/cases.md?model=2072418), [All aircraft, 219 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023015/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172M, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md?model=2072418), [All aircraft, 559 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-landing roll: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172M, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md?model=2072418), [All aircraft, 400 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that they overflew the frozen lake and passed on the original landing area due to ice cracks and heaves. He flew to another area of the lake and located a suitable landing spot. He completed a low pass to survey the landing area and confirm its suitability. During the landing roll, he was unable to stop the airplane in the surveyed area; the airplane continued into a crack in the ice and became partially submerged. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the firewall and lower fuselage. The pilot reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N46056](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N46056-2024-10-11), registration cancelled 2024-10-11, S/N 17264174, built 1974 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172M - Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17264174 - Year built: 1974 - Airframe hours: 5506 - Engines: Lycoming O-360-A4M 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Daigle Lawrence J - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 21, 2023 - Departed: GPZ, Grand Rapids, MN - Destination: Same as departure - Equipment: Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, ADS-B, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 72; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: basicmed, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 28, 2022; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 853.7 as pilot in command, 17.8 in the last 90 days, 8.6 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 10,000 ft overcast - Temperature: 28 °F, dew point 18 °F - Altimeter: 29.81 inHg - Observed at: KVWU, 25 nm away - METAR: KVWU 191515Z AUTO 21004KT 10SM OVC100 M02/M08 A2981 RMK AO2 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20231219020549A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20231219020549A), Dec 19, 2023: Cessna 172M, Kelliher, MN, Substantial damage. After flying over a frozen lake the PIC found an area that appeared to be suitable to land. Upon landing the PIC realized that braking was minimal due to the… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 22, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=193566. 8.9 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 7.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16595376&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20-%20pilot_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 2, PDF, 4 pages, 3 photos, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16595693&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photos-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.