# NTSB CHI02FA001: Enstrom F-28A, N137E, Attica, MI, October 3, 2001 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: October 3, 2001, 15:30 local (19:30 UTC) - Place: Attica, MI - Coordinates: 42.666667, -82.626388 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.6667&lon=-82.6264&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report August 26, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Enstrom Helicopter Corporation, Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 53583 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI02FA001 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/53583/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI02FA001 ## Probable cause The reported loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion during cruise flight, the pilot not performing an autorotation, the pilot not maintaining rotor RPM during his emergency descent, and the pilot not maintaining control of the helicopter. A factor was the trees. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, cruise - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - Forced landing, descent - emergency - Loss of control - in flight, descent - emergency - autorotation - not performed, pilot in command (cause) - lack of certification, pilot in command - rotor rpm - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with object, descent - uncontrolled - object - tree(s) (contributing factor) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis The helicopter sustained substantial damage when it impacted trees and terrain following a reported in-flight loss of engine power during cruise. A witness, who was a pilot, stated, "Low rotor - R.P.M. Low - Power[.] Observed flying due North from P.T. Auto Sales." Another witness stated that the aircraft was heading northwest. The witness said that the helicopter was leaning to its left side, it appeared the motor stopped, and the helicopter went straight down. The Lapeer County Sheriff's report stated, "[The Arcadia Township Fire Chief] said that he was at the scene of the crash and indicated that he had not smelled any fuel and seen no signs of it leaking." The pilot held a student pilot certificate and an expired third-class medical certificate. He listed on that medical that he had 200 total hours of flight time. The helicopter came to rest on the nose of its cabin assembly. The front of the cabin assembly was crushed aft. The three rotor blades were found attached to the hub. The tail rotor assembly was found intact. Continuity was established to the flight control surfaces. Control continuity was established to the engine. The engine produced a thumb compression at all cylinders. The magnetos produced spark when the engine was rotated with the master switch in the on position. The fuel servo screen was found clean. A liquid was found exiting the unplugged servo screen when the electric boost pump was turned on. About an ounce of a blue colored fluid was recovered from the fuel strainer. Both fuel tanks were found compromised. The airframe revealed no signs of fuel staining. There was no smell of fuel at the accident site. Sections of ground around the cabin were dug up. The ground did not have any smell of fuel. No pre-impact anomalies were found. A fueling log, marked "100 LL", was found at the departure heliport. A fuel log entry dated October 3, 2001, had a "before" entry that stated, "38.6" and its "after" entry stated, "69.7". ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On October 3, 2001, about 1530 eastern daylight time, an Enstrom F-28A helicopter, N137E, sustained substantial damage when it impacted trees and terrain following an in-flight loss of engine power near Attica, Michigan. The personal flight was operating under 14 CFR Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. No flight plan was on file. The pilot sustained fatal injuries. The flight originated from Omans Heliport, near Almont, Michigan, about 1520, and was enroute to Dupont-Lapeer Airport, near Lapeer, Michigan, at the time of the accident. The accident airplane's owner stated: Prior to [the accident pilot's] departure in the aircraft, he and I hovered it for about 5 minutes.. Aircraft performed fine. I did not see [the accident pilot] put fuel in tanks but he said that he filled the tanks. I did observe that the fuel computer was reset to reflect full tanks. When I pulled collective to put the helicopter in a hover it seemed heavy, as it would with 2 people and full tanks. After hovering for about 5 minutes, I set it down and shut it off. [The accident pilot] said he wanted to fly it to Lapeer Airport and that I should meet him there. He started the aircraft, pulled it into a hover, rolled the nose into a standard climbout. I didn't observe anything unusual. The last time I saw the aircraft flying it was headed in the direction of Lapeer Airport at about 300/400 [feet above ground level] AGL. A witness, who was a pilot, stated, "Low rotor - R.P.M. Low - Power[.] Observed flying due North from P.T. Auto Sales." The Lapeer County Sheriff's report stated: [Another witness] said that the helicopter appeared to be coming from the southeast and going in a northwest direction and when asked what she heard about the motor on the helicopter indicated that it was speeding up and slowing down, and this was all that she had heard. [The witness] said that the helicopter was not far off the ground or moving fast and figured about twice [as] high as the trees in the area what were roughly about 100 feet in this area. [The witness] said that the helicopter was leaning to its left side and appeared the motor stopped and the helicopter went straight down. The sheriff's report stated: [A witness] advised this officer that on 10-3-01 he was out working on his mailbox at the road edge when he heard the rotor blades of a helicopter slowing down. He could not see the helicopter due to high trees on his property, but described it as the whop whop sound that rotors make just before they stop. [The witness] did not notice the engine noise, but then heard a crash. The sheriff's report stated, "[The Arcadia Township Fire Chief] said that he was at the scene of the crash and indicated that he had not smelled any fuel and seen no signs of it leaking." PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot held a FAA third-class medical certificate issued April 23, 1997. The pilot listed he had 200 total hours of flight time on the application for that medical certificate. The pilot held a student pilot certificate. The FAA performed a diligent search of their records and did not find any record on the accident pilot having any issuance of any "recreational pilot or higher level airman certificate." AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The accident helicopter, N137E, was an Enstrom F-28A, serial number 4. The F-28A is a single-engine, three-place helicopter, with skid type landing gear. A four cylinder, 205 horsepower, Lycoming HIO-360-CIA engine powered the helicopter. The helicopter was equipped with two fuel tanks. Placards on the helicopter showed each tank capacity was 20 gallons. The helicopter owner stated that there was 40 gallons of fuel on board the helicopter at its last takeoff. The helicopter owner was asked for the helicopter logbooks and he stated that the "aircraft logs have not been recovered to my knowledge." METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION At 1553, the reported Pontiac-Oakland Airport, near Pontiac, Michigan, weather was: Wind 230 degrees at 13 knots gusting to 22 knots; visibility 10 statute miles; sky condition few 28,000 feet; temperature 25 degrees C, dew point 8 degrees C, altimeter 29.79 inches of mercury. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION An on-scene investigation was conducted. The helicopter was found in a wooded area. The helicopter came to rest on the nose of its cabin assembly. The front of the cabin assembly was crushed aft. The aircraft's GPS was manually turned on. The GPS indicated latitude 42 degrees 40.016 minutes N and latitude 82 degrees 37.635 minutes W. A section of the tail rotor guard was found suspended from a tree branch. The three rotor blades were found attached to the hub. The tail rotor assembly was found intact. Continuity was established to the flight control surfaces. Control continuity was established to the engine. The engine produced a thumb compression at all cylinders. The magnetos produced spark when the engine was rotated with the master switch in the on position. The fuel servo screen was found clean. A liquid was found exiting the unplugged servo screen when the electric boost pump was turned on. About an ounce of a blue colored fluid was recovered from the fuel strainer. Both fuel tanks were found compromised. The airframe revealed no signs of fuel staining. There was no smell of fuel at the accident site. Sections of ground around the cabin were dug up. The ground did not have any smell of fuel. No pre-impact anomalies were found. A fueling log, marked "100 LL", was found at the departure heliport. A fuel log entry dated October 3, 2001, had a "before" entry that stated, "38.6" and its "after" entry stated, "69.7". MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION An autopsy was performed on the pilot by the Lapeer County Medical Examiner's Office on October 4, 2001. The FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute prepared a Final Forensic Toxicology Accident Report. The report was negative. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The parties to the investigation included the FAA and Enstrom Helicopter Corporation. The aircraft wreckage was released to the owner. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N137E](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N137E-2003-03-19), registration cancelled 2003-03-19, S/N 4, built 1966 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Enstrom F-28A - Registry model: [Enstrom F-28A](https://openairdocs.org/model/enstrom-f-28a) (registry code 3300406) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 4 - Engines: Lycoming HIO-360-CIA 205 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Robert A. Ward - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: 6MI8, ALMONT, MI - Destination: D95, LAPEER, MI ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; injuries: fatal; student; medical: class 3, expired; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 200 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 230° at 13 knots, gusting 22 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 77 °F, dew point 46 °F - Altimeter: 29.79 inHg - Observed at: PTK, 20 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20011003032339A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20011003032339A), Oct 3, 2001: Enstrm F28A, Arcadiatownship, MI, No damage, 1 fatal. (-23) N137E was on a flight from omans heliport (pvt 6M18) to dupont-lapeer airport (D95), lapeer Michigan for the purpose of tracking and balancing rotor… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.