# NTSB CHI02LA077: Cessna 172, N7025A, Manito, IL, February 9, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 9, 2002, 15:00 local (21:00 UTC) - Place: Manito, IL - Coordinates: 40.420467, -89.780418 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.4205&lon=-89.7804&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 25, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 54190 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI02LA077 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/54190/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54190 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI02LA077 ## Probable cause The pilot's improper planning and decision and his failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in a stall and hard landing. The gusting crosswind conditions were a contributing factor. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - weather condition - crosswind (contributing factor) - planning/decision - improper, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - short field landing/procedure - attempted, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - weather condition - gusts (contributing factor) - Nose gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown ## Analysis The Cessna 172 stalled approximately 17 feet agl during a short field landing demonstrated by a certified flight instructor (CFI) to a student pilot. The CFI stated that the winds were from 180 degrees and that the airplane encountered wind shear due to trees while landing on runway 22 (2,784 feet by 40 feet). Winds were recorded 11 nm north-northeast of the accident site to be 160 degrees at 21 knots gusting to 26 knots resulting in a crosswind component of 14 knots gusting to 18 knots. Later models of the Cessna 172 have a demonstrated crosswind component of 15 knots. ## Factual narrative On February 9, 2002, at 1500 central standard time, a Cessna 172, N7025A, piloted by a certified flight instructor (CFI), was substantially damaged during a hard landing on runway 22 (2,784 feet by 40 feet, asphalt) at the Manito Mitchell Airport (C45), Manito, Illinois. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight was not operating on a flight plan. The certified flight instructor (CFI) and student pilot were uninjured. The flight originated from the Pekin Municipal Airport, Pekin, Illinois, at 1430, en route to C45. The CFI reported in a written statement, "Demonstrating short field approach to [runway] 22 at C45. Wind from 180 [degrees]. Line of trees to left of [runway]. [Aircraft] encountered wind shear due to trees and stalled from 15-20 feet agl. Nose wheel collapsed - firewall and lower cowling damaged. No injuries, fuel spills or fire." The automated surface observing system at the Greater Peoria Regional Airport, Peoria, Illinois, located 11.2 nm and 20.2 degrees from C45, recorded at 1454, wind from 160 degrees at 21 knots gusting to 26 knots. The 74 year old CFI accumulated a total flight time of 6,688 hours in aircraft; of which, 3,000 hours were in the make and model of the accident airplane. Of the 3,000 hours, 2,700 hours were accumulated while acting as a flight instructor. The accident airplane was a 1956 Cessna 172, which did not contain a maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity as do models certificated under current certification requirements. These later models have a demonstrated crosswind component of 15 knots. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7025A](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7025A-2018-07-12), registration cancelled 2018-07-12, S/N 29125, built 1956 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172 - Registry model: [Cessna 172](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172) (registry code 2072402) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-300 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-300-series) (registry code 17022, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 29125 - Airframe hours: 4734 - Engines: Continental O-300A 145 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: N-7025a - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 15, 2001, 60 hours before - Departed: C15, Pekin, IL - Destination: C45, Manito, IL - Airport: C45, Manito Mitchell Airport, runway 22, 2,784 × 40 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 74; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review June 25, 2000; seat: right; flight hours: 6,688 total, 3,000 in this make and model, 6,589 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 30 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 18; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3; seat: left; flight hours: 31 total, 31 in this make and model, 3 as pilot in command, 12 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 160° at 21 knots, gusting 26 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 55 °F, dew point 37 °F - Altimeter: 29.87 inHg - Observed at: PIA, 11 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020209004829A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020209004829A), Feb 9, 2002: Cessna 172, Manito, IL, No damage. (-23) The certified flight instructor was demonstrating a short field landing to a student pilot on runway 22. The winds were from 170 degrees at 24 mph… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 9, 2002, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=54190. 1.9 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40386922&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Weather Information (item 2, .PDF, 79 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40164374&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Information-Master.PDF - Airport Map (item 3, .PDF, 144 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40164375&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airport%20Map-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.