# NTSB CHI02LA188: Cessna 310R, N5061J, Jackson, MI, July 11, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 11, 2002, 10:02 local (14:02 UTC) - Place: Jackson, MI - Coordinates: 42.259723, -84.459442 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.2597&lon=-84.4594&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 4 minor - Status: Completed, report March 30, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - Detroit FSDO, Cessna Aircraft Company - NTSB case key (mKey): 55235 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI02LA188 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/55235/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=55235 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI02LA188 ## Probable cause The pilot's improper management of the fuel system, including his failure to reposition the fuel selectors to the main fuel tanks prior to landing, as directed in the pilot operating handbook. Additional causes to the accident were the pilot not maintaining aircraft control during the engine failure and his delayed remedial action to the encountered uncommanded roll (VMC roll). A factor to the accident was the loss of engine power due to fuel starvation. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, landing - flare/touchdown - fluid,fuel - starvation (contributing factor) - fuel management - improper, pilot in command (cause) - procedures/directives - not followed, pilot in command (cause) - Loss of control - in flight, landing - flare/touchdown - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - remedial action - delayed, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis The twin-engine airplane departed control flight and impacted the terrain during a landing attempt. The pilot reported that while landing the airplane experienced an uncommanded right roll after he advanced engine power to arrest the airplane's descent rate. The pilot attempted a go-around by adding engine power; however, this exacerbated the airplane's right turning tendency. The pilot reported he reduced power on both engines, and attempted to bring the airplane back to a level attitude using left rudder and aileron. The airplane impacted the terrain in a right wing down, nose low attitude. No anomalies were found with the flight control system during the post-accident examination. Inspection of the propellers indicate at impact the left engine was producing significantly more power than the right engine. The right engine was test run and no anomalies were noted with its operation. All four fuel tanks were found damaged and/or ruptured, which prevented the post-accident determination of the fuel quantity and its distribution. The airplane was fully fueled (163 gallons) prior to departing on the 2.5 hour flight. The pilot reported he used the auxiliary fuel tanks during cruise flight, but did not recall if he had switched back to the main fuel tanks prior to landing. The pilot said that "as a habit" he would have normally switched back to the main tanks. The pilot reportedly turned the fuel selectors to the off position after the accident. The flight's total fuel burn was approximately 75 gallons, based on an average fuel burn of 30 gallons/hour. Although the auxiliary tanks hold a total of 63 gallons of fuel, pilots should only expect one hour of operation from the tanks because the engine recovery fuel is returned to the main tanks, not the auxiliary tanks. The engine manufacturer reports up to 31.66 gallons/hour of fuel is recovered into the two main tanks. The Cessna 310R Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) recommends the engines be operated on their respective main tanks for the first 90 minutes of a flight, as to allow ample space in the tanks to accept the recovery fuel from operating on the auxiliary tanks. The POH specifically states that all takeoffs and landings should be made with the fuel selectors positioned on their respective main fuel tanks. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 11, 2002, at 1002 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 310R, N5061J, piloted by a commercial pilot, sustained substantial damage while landing on runway 6 (5,344 feet by 150 feet, dry/asphalt) at the Jackson County Airport (JXN), Jackson, Michigan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The personal flight was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91 on a flight plan. The pilot and his three passengers reported minor injuries. The flight departed the Martin State Airport (MTN), Baltimore, Maryland, at 0730 eastern daylight time. According to the pilot's written statement, the airplane was fueled with 163 gallons of fuel prior to departing MTN and the accident flight was approximately 2.5 hours in length. The pilot reported the cruise portion of the flight was flown at 8,000 feet and the flight was uneventful up to the landing attempt. The pilot stated, "... as we were over the runway numbers we started to [flare] at 75 feet - slowing airplane down to 90 knots - we carried 15[inches] of power." The pilot reported that approximately 1/3 down the runway the airplane began to, "... veer to the right, we tried to get [the] airplane back to centerline and the airplane [continued] right." The pilot stated that adding more engine power did not bring the airplane out of the low altitude right turn. The pilot reported he reduced power on both engines, and attempted to bring the airplane back to a level attitude using left rudder and aileron. The airplane impacted a grass area off the right side of the runway. The pilot stated in an interview that air traffic control had delayed his initial descent from 8,000 feet, resulting in a prolonged descent with minimal engine power. The pilot reported that during the landing flare he added engine power to arrest the airplane's descent rate, after which the uncommanded right roll began. The pilot added that he attempted a go-around by adding engine power; however, this exacerbated the airplane's right turning tendency. When asked about the fuel management procedures used during the accident flight, the pilot replied he had switched to the auxiliary fuel tanks during cruise flight. The pilot was asked if he had switched from the auxiliary fuel tanks back to the main tanks prior to landing. He replied that did not recall if he had switched back to the main fuel tanks; however, "as a habit" he would have normally. The pilot reportedly turned the fuel selector valves, magnetos, and master switch to the off position after the accident. The JXN control tower manager reported seeing the accident airplane approach midfield when the airplane "started a sharp right turn and appeared to apply power for some sort of 'go-around'." He stated the airplane started a "climb still in a sharp right turn" which was followed by a right descending turn into the terrain. He reported that there was no additional airplane traffic in the area around the time of the accident. A witness reported seeing the accident airplane at about midfield when the "right wing dipped and the aircraft banked to the right, into the field." INJURIES TO PERSONS All four occupants were treated for minor injuries at a local hospital. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land, airplane multiengine land, and instrument airplane ratings. The FAA issued his pilot certificate on September 18, 1998. FAA records indicate his last medical examination was completed on June 26, 2002, and that he was issued a third-class medical certificate with limitation "must wear lenses for distant - posses glasses for near vision." The pilot reported an accumulated total flight time of 4,300 hours, of which 1,400 hours were in the Cessna 310R. The pilot reported having 800 flight hours in single-engine airplanes and 3,500 hours in multiengine airplanes. He flew 35 hours during the previous 3 months, 10 hours during the prior 30 days, and 2 hours during the last 24 hours. The pilot reported he completed his last flight review, as required by 14 CFR Part 61.56, during December 2000. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The accident airplane was a 1975 Cessna 310R, serial number 310R0181. The Cessna 310R is a twin engine, low wing airplane. The Cessna 310R is equipped with a retractable tricycle landing gear, electrically actuated wing flaps, and is powered by two reciprocating fuel-injected engines incorporating constant-speed propellers. The fuselage and empennage are of an all-metal semimonocoque design. The airplane was equipped with dual controls and could accommodate four occupants. The accident airplane had a certified maximum takeoff weight of 5,680 lbs. The airplane was issued a Standard Airworthiness Certificate on March 27, 1975, and was certified as a standard category airplane. The accident airplane had accumulated a total flight time of 4,488.8 hours since new. The last annual inspection was completed on April 5, 2002, and the airplane had accumulated 22.9 hours since the inspection. According to the aircraft maintenance logbooks, all applicable FAA Airworthiness Directives had been complied with as of the last annual inspection. The left engine was a 285 horsepower Continental IO-520-M(1), serial number 235653R. The engine had accumulated 4,488.8 hours total time since new, 1,449.8 hours since the last overhaul. The inspection of the left engine was completed on April 5, 2002. The right engine was a 285 horsepower Continental IO-520-M(1), serial number 235302R. The engine had accumulated 4,500.9 hours total time since new, 1,461.9 hours since the last overhaul. The last inspection of the right engine was completed on April 5, 2002. The left and right propellers were three-bladed McCauley 3AF32C87-N1 models, hub serial numbers 774439 and 774449 respectively. Both propellers had accumulated 1,738.4 hours since the last overhaul. The accident airplane was delivered from the factory with an extended-range fuel system. The airplane was configured with four fuel tanks; two main (tip) tanks that held 100 gallons and two auxiliary tanks that held 63 gallons. The airplane was not configured with the optional wing-locker tanks. The airplane was modified with vortex generators, authorized by a supplemental type certificate (STC), which increased the maximum takeoff gross weight from 5,500 lbs to 5,680 lbs. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION A weather observation station located at Jackson County Airport (JXN) recorded the weather at the time of the accident as: Wind 060 degrees true at 5 knots; 10 statute mile visibility; sky clear; temperature 19 degrees Celsius; dew point of 11 degrees Celsius; altimeter 30.26 inches of mercury. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION Investigators from the Federal Aviation Administration and the Cessna Aircraft Company performed the on-scene investigation. The aircraft wreckage was located in a grass area off the right side of runway 6. The main cabin remained intact and the main landing gear was found fully extended. All three landing gear were displaced to the right. The right wing, outboard of the engine nacelle, was bent aft and its main tip fuel tank had separated from the wing. A four-foot section of wing leading edge remained attached to the right main tip fuel tank. The left wing was displaced forward and up, with buckling of the upper wing skins outboard of the engine nacelle. The left main tip fuel tank remained attached to the wing; however, the forward tip portion of the tank had separated from the remainder of the tank. Flight control cable continuity was established from the cockpit controls to the individual flight controls and/or their respective bellcrank assemblies. The rudder trim tab was positioned 15-degrees right of the neutral position. The aileron trim tab was positioned in a neutral position. All four f ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5061J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N5061J-2004-08-11), registration cancelled 2004-08-11, S/N 310R0181, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 310R - Registry model: [Cessna 310R](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-310r) (registry code 2074245) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 310R0181 - Airframe hours: 4488.8 - Engines: Continental IO-520-M(1) 285 horsepower reciprocating; Continental IO-520-M(1) 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 5, 2002, 22.9 hours before - Departed: MTD, Baltimore, MD - Destination: JXN, Jackson, MI - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: JXN, Jackson County Airport, runway 06, 5,344 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 74; injuries: minor; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review December 1, 2000; seat: left; flight hours: 4,300 total, 1,400 in this make and model, 35 in the last 90 days, 10 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 60° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 52 °F - Altimeter: 30.26 inHg - Observed at: JXN ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020711021489A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020711021489A), Jul 11, 2002: Cessna 310R, Jackson, MI, Substantial damage. (.19) On July 11, 2002, at 1002 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 310R, N5061J, piloted by a commercial pilot, sustained substantial damage while landing on… ## Docket (11 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 10, 2004, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=55235. 1.5 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 472 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461457&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Witness Statement (item 2, .PDF, 23 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461458&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-Master.PDF - Record of Interview (item 3, .PDF, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461459&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Interview-Master.PDF - Pilot Statement (item 4, .PDF, 31 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461460&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statement-Master.PDF - Passenger Statement (item 5, .PDF, 33 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40205246&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Passenger%20Statement-Master.PDF - Tower Manager Statement (item 6, .PDF, 27 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461461&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Tower%20Manager%20Statement-Master.PDF - Jackson County Sheriff's Report (item 7, .PDF, 93 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461462&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Jackson%20County%20Sheriff%27s%20Report-Master.PDF - TCM - Test Cell Report of Engine Run (item 8, .PDF, 243 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40205249&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=TCM%20-%20Test%20Cell%20Report%20of%20Engine%20Run-Master.PDF - IO-520-M Model Specification Sheet, Fuel Information (item 9, .PDF, 46 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40205250&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=IO-520-M%20Model%20Specification%20Sheet,%20Fuel%20Information-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 10, .PDF, 360 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461463&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 11, .PDF, 74 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40461464&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.