# NTSB CHI03LA035: Cessna 172N, N5321D, Holland, MI, December 4, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 4, 2002, 13:20 local (18:20 UTC) - Place: Holland, MI - Coordinates: 42.770572, -86.10044 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.7706&lon=-86.1004&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 25, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA-Grand Rapids FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 56191 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI03LA035 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/56191/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI03LA035 ## Probable cause The student pilot failed to maintain directional control during landing roll. Additional factors include the student pilot's lack of total flight experience, the CFI's inadequate supervision, and the ice and snow on the runway. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - directional control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - lack of total experience, pilot in command (contributing factor) - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - terrain condition - icy (contributing factor) ## Analysis The airplane sustained substantial damage when it veered off the runway and struck a snow bank. The student pilot had a total of 10.4 hours of flight time when he departed on his first solo instructional flight. He departed and entered a left hand traffic pattern for a full stop landing. He reported that he maintained 65 KIAS on final and extended the flaps to 30 degrees and "made a perfect landing on the center of runway 26." The airplane drifted left so he added right rudder to get the nose wheel back on centerline. He reported, "The plane did not respond as I was on the ice on the side of the runway." The airplane veered off the runway and hit a 12-16 inch high snow bank on the side of the runway. The inspection of the runway revealed it was covered with snow and ice. ## Factual narrative On December 4, 2002, at 1320 eastern standard time, a Cessna 172N, N5321D, operated by Tulip City Air Service, sustained substantial damage when it veered off runway 26 (5,000 feet by 100 feet, asphalt) and struck a snow bank. The solo student pilot was not injured. The 14 CFR Part 91 solo instructional flight was practicing takeoffs and landings at the Tulip City Airport (BIV), Holland, Michigan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The student pilot reported that he had flown two normal takeoffs and landings in the traffic pattern at BIV, and one takeoff and a simulated engine failure with a landing at BIV with his flight instructor prior to the accident flight. The student pilot reported that the flight instructor "felt that I was ready to solo and I agreed." The student pilot had a total of 10.4 hours of flight time. The student pilot departed runway 26 at BIV on his first solo instructional flight. He entered a left hand traffic pattern for a full stop landing. He reported that he maintained 65 KIAS on final and the glide slope indicators showed two red and two white lights. He reported he extended the flaps to 30 degrees and "made a perfect landing on the center of runway 26." He reported the airplane drifted left of the runway so he added right rudder to get the nose wheel back on centerline. He reported, "The plane did not respond as I was on the ice on the side of the runway." The airplane veered off the runway and hit a 12-16 inch high snow bank on the side of the runway. He reported the landing gear hit the hardened snow bank and the nose and propeller hit the ground. He reported that the airplane tipped and banked to the right, and the right wing hit the snow bank. A Federal Aviation Administration operations inspector reported that BIV runway 26 was covered with snow and ice. The reported winds at BIV were 170 degrees at 6 knots. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5321D](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N5321D-2012-04-27), registration cancelled 2012-04-27, S/N 17272516, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172N - Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17272516 - Airframe hours: 9433 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-H2AD 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Tulip City Air Service Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 18, 2002, 28 hours before - Departed: BIV, Holland, MI - Airport: BIV, Tulip City Airport, runway 26, 5,000 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Student pilot; age 49; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 10 total, 10 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 170° at 6 knots - Visibility: 3 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,900 ft overcast - Temperature: 21 °F, dew point 18 °F - Altimeter: 30.50 inHg - Observed at: BIV ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20021204031749A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20021204031749A), Dec 4, 2002: Cessna 172N, Holland, MI, Substantial damage. (-23) Student pilot with 10 total hours was performing his first solo flight in the aircraft. During his first landing and after a normal touchdown, the… ## Other investigations on N5321D (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CHI07CA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA076), Feb 23, 2007: Cessna 172N (N5321D), Holland, MI, substantial damage. Probable cause: The student pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition and his failure to maintain directional control during the takeoff, which caused the airplane to impact the snow bank and nose… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.