# NTSB CHI04LA048: Piper PA-28R-200, N56598, Mountain Grove, MO, December 21, 2003 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 21, 2003, 16:00 local (22:00 UTC) - Place: Mountain Grove, MO - Coordinates: 37.120834, -92.311111 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.1208&lon=-92.3111&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 4 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 30, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA-Kansas City FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 58526 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI04LA048 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58526/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04LA048 ## Probable cause Improper use of the brakes during landing by the pilot, resulting in failure of the left main landing gear tire and a loss of directional control. Contributing factors were the failure of the main landing gear, as well as the grass and the ditch adjacent to the runway. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - roll - brakes(normal) - improper use of, pilot in command (cause) - landing gear,tire - failure (cause) - directional control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - roll - terrain condition - ditch (contributing factor) - terrain condition - grass (contributing factor) - Main gear collapsed, landing - roll - landing gear,main gear attachment - overload (contributing factor) ## Analysis The airplane was substantially damaged during landing when it departed the runway pavement and encountered a ditch. The pilot estimated the wind during the accident flight at five knots or less. He noted that the pre-takeoff brake check was normal and the takeoff was uneventful. The pilot stated that upon landing the aircraft began pulling to the left. He reported that he applied full right rudder and right brake. However, the aircraft began tracking toward the left side of the runway and subsequently departed the pavement. The aircraft encountered a small ditch and the left main landing gear collapsed. A local pilot reported observing the aircraft's approach and thought that it was slightly high and fast. She also recalled hearing one, louder than normal "chirp" of the tires on the runway during landing touchdown, leading her to think the pilot had made a "hard 3 point landing." The president of the flying club from which the pilot had rented the aircraft reported having a conversation concerning the accident with the pilot. He commented to the pilot that, during a crosswind landing situation in the model aircraft involved, it "would be easy to push with the toes to lock the brake." The pilot reportedly responded that "that was probably the case." A post-accident inspection revealed the left main landing gear had collapsed and damaged the left wing. The left main tire had a hole worn through the tread area. The brake system on the left main landing gear was examined. No anomalies consistent with a pre-impact failure were observed. The runway exhibited tire marks beginning approximately 1,400 feet from the threshold and continuing, virtually uninterrupted, to the point the aircraft departed the pavement. The marks in the grass continued from that point to the aircraft's resting position in the ditch. The initial skid mark was associated with the left main landing gear. It continued approximately 275 feet and paralleled the runway centerline. The mark was characterized by a single, continuous line with the exception of two short breaks. The skid mark produced by the left main gear tire changed to a set of two parallel marks characteristic of a flat tire. At this point, the mark indicated that the aircraft began tracking toward the left side of the runway and was continuous until it left the pavement. A single, continuous skid mark associated with the right main landing gear tire began about the time the aircraft started tracking to the left. ## Factual narrative On December 21, 2003, at 1600 central standard time, a Piper PA-28R-200 (Arrow), N56598, piloted by a private pilot, was substantially damaged during landing on runway 26 (3,590 feet by 50 feet, asphalt) at the Mountain Grove Memorial Airport (1MO), Mountain Grove, Missouri. Aircraft directional control was lost and it departed the runway pavement. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The local flight was conducted under 14 CFR Part 91 and was not on a flight plan. The pilot and three passengers reported no injuries. The flight departed 1MO approximately 1545. In his written statement, the pilot reported completing two previous flights that day without any problems. He recalled that the winds had been "strong" and "gusty" during the earlier flights. Prior to the accident flight, however, the wind had diminished to 5 knots or less, according to the pilot. The pilot reported that the pre-takeoff brake check was normal and the takeoff was uneventful. He stated that upon returning to the airport, the approach and landing were normal. He noted he applied even braking and the aircraft's track paralleled the runway centerline. However, after about a 400-foot ground roll, the aircraft began pulling to the left. He stated: "I immediately applied full right brake and right rudder and released the left brake while maintaining full [back pressure] on the yoke. … The left turn ceased with the aircraft continuing a straight path toward the runway edge. The aircraft entered the grass between two runway lights. After leaving the runway, the left main gear struck a small ditch. The aircraft turned 60 degrees to the left and came to a gentle stop." A local pilot, who resided within one-quarter mile of the airport, reported observing the accident aircraft's approach. She stated: "I also estimated that the Arrow's final approach to runway 26 was a bit high and fast, however not outside of the [parameters] of a successful landing. I thought he must have landed a little long. However, from my vantage point, I could not see the touchdown." She noted that the "chirp" of the tires on the runway was louder than usual, and she recalled thinking the pilot had made a hard "3 point landing." The president of the flying club from which the accident aircraft was rented reported having a conversation about the accident with the pilot. He stated: "I expressed to [the pilot] that in the crosswind landing situation the Arrow's characteristics when pushing the rudder for landing correction, that it would be easy to push with the toes to lock the brake. [The pilot] expressed back to me that was probably the case." A post-accident inspection revealed the left main landing gear had collapsed and damaged the left wing. The left main tire had a hole worn through the tread area. The tire's internal belts were visible surrounding the perimeter of the hole. Two small worn areas, commonly referred to as flat spots, were also observed on the tire. The brake system on the left main landing gear was examined. No anomalies consistent with a pre-impact failure were observed. The runway exhibited tire marks beginning approximately 1,400 feet from the threshold and continuing, virtually uninterrupted, to the point the aircraft departed the pavement. The marks in the grass continued from that point to the aircraft's resting position in the ditch. The initial skid mark was associated with the left main landing gear. It continued approximately 275 feet and paralleled the runway centerline. The mark was characterized by a single, continuous line with the exception of two short breaks. The skid mark produced by the left main gear tire changed to a set of two parallel marks. At this point, the mark indicated that the aircraft began tracking toward the left side of the runway and was continuous until it left the pavement. A single, continuous skid mark associated with the right main landing gear tire began about the time the aircraft started tracking to the left. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N56598](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N56598), registered now, S/N 28R-7435016, built 1973 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-28R-200 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28R-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-200) (registry code 7102811) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28R-7435016 - Airframe hours: 4527 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-C1C 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: R&R Pilots Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 10, 2003, 75 hours before - Departed: 1MO, Mountain Grove, MO - Destination: 1MO, Mountain Grove, MO - Airport: 1MO, Mountain Grove, runway 26, 3,590 × 50 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 39; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review August 15, 2003; seat: left; flight hours: 276 total, 25 in this make and model, 186 as pilot in command, 31 in the last 90 days, 21 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 12 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 55 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 30.03 inHg - Observed at: UNO, 25 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20031221033669A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20031221033669A), Dec 21, 2003: Piper PA28R200, Mountain Grove, MD, Substantial damage. (-23) Scene photographs and a witness statement indicate that the left main tire produced intermittent skid marks totalling approximately 275 feet in length… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.