# NTSB CHI04LA073: Piper PA-22-135, N3419A, Memphis, MO, February 18, 2004 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 18, 2004, 14:00 local (20:00 UTC) - Place: Memphis, MO - Coordinates: 40.447223, -92.226943 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.4472&lon=-92.2269&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 1, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 58775 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI04LA073 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58775/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04LA073 ## Probable cause Directional control not maintained by the flight instructor during the landing roll. The snow on the edge of the runway, and the wind gusts were factors. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - roll - weather condition - gusts (contributing factor) - directional control - not maintained, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - brakes(normal) - not available, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - terrain condition - snowbank (contributing factor) - Nose over, landing - roll ## Analysis The tailwheel airplane operated by a commercially rated flight instructor, sustained substantial damage on impact with a snow bank during landing roll during an instructional flight. The Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) stated, "Upon descending to short final[,] the winds became light and so we landed, slightly right of the center line with very little aileron or rudder input. After rolling out for an unknown distance and before I could tell my student to start applying some light braking, a gust of wind hit the right side of the aircraft, lifting the right wing and pushing the tail to the left. The yoke was full aft and to the right and at that point I put in full left rudder to correct the direction of the roll out. The right wing became level but we were approximately 2 feet off the runway with the right main gear in the snow which had been pushed off the runway. At this point we were heading down the runway except for the right main gear which was still in the snow. Without brakes on the right side for assistance[,] we continued down the runway edge for approximately 40 feet before the right main gear either compacted with snow or hit some frozen snow making the aircraft tip forward [and] over on the windshield." ## Factual narrative On February 18, 2004, about 1400 central standard time, a Piper PA-22-135, N3419A, operated by a commercially rated flight instructor, sustained substantial damage on impact with a snow bank during landing roll at Memphis Memorial Airport (03D), Memphis, Missouri. The instructional flight was operated under 14 CFR Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The flight instructor and student pilot sustained no injuries. No flight plan was on file. The flight originated from the Southeast Iowa Regional Airport (BRL) near Burlington, Iowa, about 1300, and was stopping at 03D for fuel en route to its final destination of Freeman Field Airport, near Junction City, Kansas. The Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) stated: We departed Burlington, Iowa at approximately 1300 hours enroute to Memphis, MO for refueling in order to make it back to Junction City, KS. The pilot that took us to Burlington was already on the ground at Memphis and stated that his landing was ok and he suggested runway 12, which concurred with the windsock. The winds aloft were strong and so my student pilot turned the aircraft over to me before short final. Upon descending to short final[,] the winds became light and so we landed, slightly right of the center line with very little aileron or rudder input. After rolling out for an unknown distance and before I could tell my student to start applying some light braking, a gust of wind hit the right side of the aircraft, lifting the right wing and pushing the tail to the left. The yoke was full aft and to the right and at that point I put in full left rudder to correct the direction of the roll out. The right wing became level but we were approximately 2 feet off the runway with the right main gear in the snow which had been pushed off the runway. At this point we were heading down the runway except for the right main gear which was still in the snow. Without brakes on the right side for assistance[,] we continued down the runway edge for approximately 40 feet before the right main gear either compacted with snow or hit some frozen snow making the aircraft tip forward [and] over on the windshield. To the south of the runway the terrain had some small hills, trees and farther south was a lake. The runway was in good shape. The pilot reported no mechanical malfunctions with the airplane. His safety recommendation was the installation of foot brakes on the right crew station to assist with directional control. At 1355, the recorded weather at Kirksville Regional Airport (IRK), approximately 26 nautical miles southwest of the accident airport, near Kirksville, Missouri, was: Wind 210 degrees at 18 knots gusting to 27 knots; visibility 10 statute miles; sky conditions clear; temperature 9 degrees C; dew point 1 degree C; altimeter 30.13 inches of mercury. Remarks: Peak winds 210 degrees at 28 knots at 1342. At 1353, the recorded weather at Ottumwa Industrial Airport (OTM), approximately 41 nautical miles north of the accident airport, near Ottumwa Iowa, was: Wind 220 degrees at 16 knots; visibility 7 statute miles; sky conditions clear; temperature 7 degrees C; dew point -1 degree C; altimeter 30.09 inches of mercury. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3419A](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N3419A), registered now, S/N 22-1692, built 1953 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-22-135 - Registry model: [Piper PA-22-135](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-22-135) (registry code 7102206) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-290 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-290-series) (registry code 41506, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 22-1692 - Engines: Lycoming O-290-D2 135 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Retsae H. Miller Jr. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 18, 2003, 1,750 hours before - Departed: BRL, BURLINGTON, IA - Destination: 3JC, JUNCTION CITY, KS - Airport: 03D, Memphis Memorial, runway 12, 3,300 × 60 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 59; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review March 22, 2002; seat: right; flight hours: 1,111 total, 1 in this make and model, 957 as pilot in command, 6 in the last 90 days, 1 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 44; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: helicopter; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review October 14, 2003; seat: left; flight hours: 4,200 total, 12 in this make and model, 4,000 as pilot in command, 120 in the last 90 days, 20 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 18 knots, gusting 27 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 48 °F, dew point 34 °F - Altimeter: 30.12 inHg - Observed at: KIRK, 26 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20040218007669A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20040218007669A), Feb 18, 2004: Piper PA22135, Memphis, MO, Substantial damage. (-23) Aircraft departed burlington, IA. Enroute to Memphis, MO. At 1441Z landed at Memphis on runway 12, winds reported at kirksville MO. (12 NM sw of Memphis)… ## Other investigations on N3419A (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ANC21LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC21LA082), Aug 30, 2021: Piper PA-22-135 (N3419A), Soldotna, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing, which resulted in a ground-loop. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.