# NTSB CHI04LA083: Cessna 195, N4351V, Manitowoc, WI, February 19, 2004 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 19, 2004, 14:40 local (20:40 UTC) - Place: Manitowoc, WI - Coordinates: 44.128612, -87.680557 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.1286&lon=-87.6806&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 1, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviaiton Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 58852 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI04LA083 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58852/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04LA083 ## Probable cause The Cessna 195 pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the Cessna 177RG while taxiing to the ramp after landing. A contributing factor was the restricted forward visibility (blind spot) of the Cessna 195 due to the engine cowling. An additional factor was the Cessna 177RG positioned at the runway hold short line. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Collision between aircraft (other than midair), taxi - from landing - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - visual lookout - restricted, pilot in command (contributing factor) - object - aircraft parked/standing (contributing factor) ## Analysis A Cessna 195 sustained minor damage and a Cessna 177RG sustained substantial damage during an on-ground collision. The Cessna 195 had landed and was taxiing to the ramp when the accident occurred. The Cessna 177RG was parked near a taxiway intersection conducting an engine run-up when it was hit by the Cessna 195. The Cessna 195 pilot stated that he was making "small" S-turns as he taxied in an effort to clear a blind spot forward and to the right of his tail wheeled aircraft. The Cessna 195 pilot reported that he was preparing to make a "sweeping left turn" at the taxiway intersection when his aircraft struck the Cessna 177RG. The flight instructor applicant and Federal Aviation Administration inspector in the Cessna 177RG reported that when they realized a collision was imminent, they applied full power in an attempt to move the aircraft out of the way. However, as their airplane left the taxiway pavement the nose landing gear became stuck in a snow bank. The Cessna 195's propeller subsequently struck the Cessna 177RG's right wing, tearing off approximately three feet of the wing. ## Factual narrative On February 19, 2004, at 1440 central standard time, a Cessna 195, N4351V, operated by a private pilot, sustained minor damage, and a Cessna 177RG, N7751V, operated by a commercial pilot, sustained substantial damage, during an on-ground collision at the Manitowoc County Airport (MTW), Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Both flights were operating under 14 CFR Part 91 without flight plans. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at time of the accident. The pilots in each airplane reported no injuries. The Cessna 195 pilot reported that he had landed and was taxiing to the ramp when the collision occurred. He stated he began making a series of "small" S-turns to clear his blind spot as he taxied. He crossed runway 17/35 intending to turn south at the taxiway intersection en route to the ramp. He stated: "I approached the intersection and was preparing to 'set-up' to make a large 'sweeping' left turn by first turning slightly to the right." He entered the intersection and began the slight turn to the right when "things started to happen." The propeller impacted the right wing of the Cessna 177RG, which was doing a run-up prior to departure on runway 07. As the impact continued, the Cessna 195's tail swung around and came to rest west of the Cessna 177RG. The pilot of the Cessna 177RG was beginning his Flight Instructor practical test with a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector on-board at the time of the accident. He reported that they taxied to runway 07 and stopped at the hold short line to complete a run-up. He stated they observed the Cessna 195 doing S-turns as it came down the taxiway. He reported that as the Cessna 195 approached their position the airplane turned directly at them. They applied full power in an attempt to prevent a collision. However, the nose gear hit a snow bank and the airplane came to a stop. The Cessna 195 collided with the Cessna 177RG's right wing. The FAA inspector aboard the Cessna 177RG stated that they taxied north from the ramp towards the intersection at the approach end of runway 07. They entered the intersection north of the parallel taxiway and turned the airplane into the wind for an engine run-up. They reportedly saw the Cessna 195 "down range" on the taxiway performing S-turns. She stated that during the run-up, "I glanced up and saw the Cessna 195 S turning once to the right once to the left and then back right, picking up speed and aiming straight for us in the intersection." When it was apparent that the Cessna 195 was not going to stop, she stated that she applied maximum power, released the brakes and attempted to jump the snow mound ahead of them to avoid the collision. The airplane moved approximately 10 feet forward when the nose wheel became buried into the snow bank. The inspector reported that the Cessna 195's propeller collided with the Cessna 177RG "ripping through approximately 3 feet of the right wing." The pilot of the Cessna 195 reported there were no mechanical failures or malfunctions prior to the collision. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4351V](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N4351V), registered now, S/N 7260, built 1948 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 195 - Registry model: [Cessna 195](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-195) (registry code 2073102) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Jacobs L4 /R755-7](https://openairdocs.org/engine/jacobs-l4-r755-7) (registry code 35003, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 7260 - Airframe hours: 2819.3 - Engines: Jacobs R 755-A2 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Lynn A Vandevort - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 30, 2003, 19.5 hours before - Departed: MTW, Manitowoc, WI - Airport: MTW, Manitowoc County, runway 7, 3,343 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 48; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review January 11, 2004; seat: left; flight hours: 1,285 total, 20 in this make and model, 35 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 300° at 7 knots - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Temperature: 30 °F, dew point 27 °F - Altimeter: 29.92 inHg - Observed at: MTW ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20040219008789A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20040219008789A), Feb 19, 2004: Cessna 195, Manitowoc, WI, Minor damage. (-23) N4351V, a CE-195 was taxiing back to parking after landing when it struck N7751V, a CE-177-RG, which was completing it's runup prior to departing on a… ## Other investigations on N4351V (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CHI91LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA190), Jun 13, 1991: Cessna 195 (N4351V), Detroit, MI, substantial damage. Probable cause: FAILURE TO MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL, AND INADEQUATE AIRCRAFT PREFLIGHT. A FACTOR RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT IS THE INSTRUCTOR PILOT'S LACK OF EXPERIENCE IN THE TYPE AIRCRAFT. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.