# NTSB CHI05CA193: Piper PA-22, N2654A, Plainwell, MI, July 19, 2005 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: July 19, 2005, 11:30 local (15:30 UTC) - Place: Plainwell, MI - Coordinates: 42.467777, -85.648056 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.4678&lon=-85.6481&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 27, 2005 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Grand Rapids, MI, FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 62103 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI05CA193 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/62103/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI05CA193 ## Probable cause The loss of engine power on downwind due to carburetor icing, and the unsuitable terrain the pilot encountered during the forced landing. A factor was the soft terrain. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, approach - vfr pattern - downwind - weather condition - carburetor icing conditions - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, emergency landing - terrain condition - soft (contributing factor) - terrain condition - crop - Nose over, emergency landing ## Analysis The airplane sustained damage when it nosed over during a forced landing following a loss of engine power on a downwind approach. The pilot stated, "[The passenger] and I had installed the overhauled carburetor ... and ran up the engine to verify proper working condition. ... [The next day] we ran it up twice to double check - everything was operating properly. The 11:25 am take-off was smooth and the climb out was strong. We turned crosswind, then downwind [1,000 feet above ground level]. On the tailend of the downwind, I pulled the carburetor heat, then pulled more power back. Five seconds later, I went to put more power in but the engine was dead. ... Our descent rate exceeded our distance to the airport, so we headed for the closest field. It appeared to be a bean field, which would have been hard packed and flat. However, it was a potato field, which was soft, soaked from recent rain, and uniform with 1 1/2 to 2 foot deep ruts. The landing was fine until the nose gear hit and dug in. The plane flipped over onto its top and slid to a stop." An examination of wreckage revealed no pre-impact anomalies with the airframe, engine, or carburetor. The recorded local temperature was 28 degrees C and the dew point was 16 degrees C. The temperature and dew point were plotted on a Transport Canada Carburetor Icing chart and their intersection falls in the serious icing - descent power area of the chart. ## Factual narrative On July 19, 2005, about 1030 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-22, N2645A, piloted by a private pilot, sustained damage when the airplane nosed over during a forced landing following a loss of engine power on downwind to the Plainwell Municipal Airport (61D), near Plainwell, Michigan. The personal flight was operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. No flight plan was on file. The pilot reported that he had sustained minor injuries and that his pilot rated passenger was uninjured. The local flight originated from 61D at 1025. The pilot's accident report stated: [The passenger] and I had installed the overhauled carburetor on July 18th and ran up the engine to verify proper working condition. ... On the 19th we ran it up twice to double check - everything was operating properly. The 11:25 am take-off was smooth and the climb out was strong. We turned crosswind, then downwind [1,000 feet above ground level]. On the tailend of the downwind, I pulled the carburetor heat, then pulled more power back. Five seconds later, I went to put more power in but the engine was dead. [The passenger] took over as pilot in order for me to troubleshoot (working with the fuel selector, carburetor heat, throttle and mixture). We immediately turn toward the airport. Our descent rate exceeded our distance to the airport, so we headed for the closest field. It appeared to be a bean field, which would have been hard packed and flat. However, it was a potato field, which was soft, soaked from recent rain, and uniform with 1 1/2 to 2 foot deep ruts. The landing was fine until the nose gear hit and dug in. The plane flipped over onto its top and slid to a stop. A Federal Aviation Administration Inspector examined the wreckage. No pre-impact anomalies were detected with the airframe, engine, or carburetor. At 1153, the recorded weather at the Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport, near Kalamazoo, Michigan, was: Wind 240 degrees at 9 knots; visibility 10 statute miles; sky condition scattered 4,700 feet; temperature 28 degrees C; dew point 16 degrees C; altimeter 30.05 inches of mercury. A copy of a Transport Canada Carburetor Icing chart was reviewed. The temperature and dew point were plotted on the chart and their intersection falls in the serious icing - descent power area of the chart. The icing chart is appended to the docket material associated with this case. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2654A](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2654A-2018-03-01), registration cancelled 2018-03-01, S/N 22-924, built 1952 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-22 - Registry model: [Piper PA-22-135](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-22-135) (registry code 7102206) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-290 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-290-series) (registry code 41506, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 22-915 - Airframe hours: 3740 - Engines: Lycoming O-290 reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: John R. Hauenstein - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 1, 2005, 1 hours before - Departed: 61D, Plainwell, MI ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 39; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review April 1, 2004; seat: left; flight hours: 134 total, 4 in this make and model, 85 as pilot in command, 2 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 9 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 82 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.04 inHg - Observed at: AZO, 15 nm away From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.