# NTSB CHI06CA054: Piper PA-44-180, N2196B, Rockford, IL, December 8, 2005 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: December 8, 2005, 12:00 local (18:00 UTC) - Place: Rockford, IL - Coordinates: 42.195278, -89.097221 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.1953&lon=-89.0972&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 28, 2006 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA-DuPage FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 63087 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI06CA054 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/63087/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA054 ## Probable cause Failure of the commercial pilot (dual student) to maintain a proper descent rate and a safe airspeed during the simulated forced landing. Additional causes were the failure of the flight instructor and the dual student to initiate a go-around in sufficient time to prevent the hard landing and a failure by the flight instructor to provide timely remedial action, which allowed an unsafe condition to develop. A contributing factor was the inadvertent stall encountered prior to runway contact. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - proper descent rate - not maintained, dual student (cause) - airspeed - low, dual student (cause) - stall - inadvertent (contributing factor) - go-around - delayed, flightcrew (cause) - remedial action - delayed, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - Main gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown ## Analysis The airplane sustained substantial damage during a hard landing. The flight instructor and dual student were engaged in an instructional flight at the time of the accident. The flight instructor held a multi-engine airplane instructor rating and was providing training to the other pilot at the time of the accident. The dual student held a commercial pilot certificate with single and multi-engine airplane ratings, and a flight instructor certificate with a single-engine airplane rating. He was obtaining training in preparation for the multi-engine flight instructor rating at the time of the accident. The flight instructor stated that he intended for the student to execute a simulated forced landing on the remaining runway immediately after liftoff. He reported that he instructed the dual student to back taxi the full length of the runway. The tower subsequently cleared the flight for takeoff followed by an immediate landing. He noted that the dual student held the brakes and applied full engine power. Upon reaching full power, the student released the brakes and began the takeoff roll. After liftoff the student established the airplane in a climb at 88 [knots]. The instructor stated that upon reaching an altitude of 200 feet above ground level (agl), he instructed the student to "simultaneously reduce both throttles to idle while pitching for a landing attitude that maintain[ed] 88 [knots]. He reported that the resulting descent rate "did not appear favorable" so about 100 feet agl he "commanded" the dual student to execute a go-around. He noted that full engine power was applied, however, the descent continued until the airplane contacted the runway in a "flat attitude." It subsequently bounced back into the air. He recalled that the stall warning horn sounded shortly before runway contact. The flight instructor stated that he assumed control of the airplane at this point and decided to continue the go-around since the engines seemed to be producing full power. He noted that during the flight around the traffic pattern, the rudder and stabilator were "less responsive than usual." He subsequently executed a no-flap landing on the departure runway. A post accident inspection revealed that the fuselage skin on the left and right sides, forward of the windshield was buckled. The left main landing gear strut was bent aft approximately 90 degrees. Both engine propellers were in the feathered position. The blade tips were curled and twisted consistent with runway contact. ## Factual narrative On December 8, 2005, about 1200 central standard time, a Piper PA-44-180 Seminole, N2196B, piloted by a flight instructor and commercial pilot, was substantially damaged during a hard landing on runway 1 (8,199 feet by 150 feet, asphalt) at Greater Rockford Airport (RFD), Rockford, Illinois. The instructional flight was operating under 14 CFR Part 91 without a flight plan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time. The two pilots reported no injuries. The local flight departed Palwaukee Municipal Airport (PWK), Wheeling, Illinois, about 1050 cst. The flight instructor held a multi-engine airplane instructor rating and was providing training to the other pilot at the time of the accident. The commercial pilot (dual student) held a commercial pilot certificate with single and multi-engine airplane ratings and a flight instructor certificate with a single-engine airplane rating. He was obtaining training in preparation for the multi-engine flight instructor rating at the time of the accident. The pilots reported that after departing PWK, they conducted airwork for approximately 45 minutes, and then decided to proceed to RFD for pattern work prior to returning to PWK. The flight instructor stated that he intended for the dual student to execute a simulated forced landing on the remaining runway immediately after liftoff. He reported that he instructed the dual student to back taxi the full length of the runway. The tower subsequently cleared the flight for takeoff followed by an immediate landing. He noted that the dual student held the brakes and applied full engine power. Upon reaching full power, the student released the brakes and began the takeoff roll. After liftoff the student established the airplane in a climb at 88 [knots]. The instructor stated that upon reaching an altitude of 200 feet above ground level (agl), he instructed the student to "simultaneously reduce both throttles to idle while pitching for a landing attitude that maintain[ed] 88 [knots]." He reported that the resulting descent rate "did not appear favorable" so about 100 feet agl he "commanded" the dual student to initiate a go-around. He noted that full engine power was applied, however, the descent continued until the airplane contacted the runway in a "flat attitude." It subsequently bounced back into the air. He recalled that the stall warning horn sounded shortly before runway contact. The flight instructor stated that he assumed control of the airplane at this point and decided to continue the go-around since the engines seemed to be producing full power. He noted that during the flight around the traffic pattern, the rudder and stabilator were "less responsive than usual." He subsequently executed a no-flap landing on the departure runway. A post accident inspection revealed that the fuselage skin on the left and right sides, forward of the windshield was buckled. The left main landing gear strut was bent aft approximately 90 degrees. The tips of the propeller blades were curled and twisted consistent with runway contact. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2196B](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2196B-2012-08-27), registration cancelled 2012-08-27, S/N 44-7995102, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-44-180 - Registry model: [Piper PA-44-180](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-44-180) (registry code 7104402) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O&VO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-vo-360-series) (registry code 41514, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 44-7995102 - Airframe hours: 7095 - Engines: Lycoming O-360-E1A6D 180 horsepower reciprocating; Lycoming LO-360-E1A6D 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Windy City Flyers - Registered owner: Seminole Aviation Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, November 1, 2005 - Departed: PWK, Chicago/Prospec, IL - Airport: RFD, Greater Rockford, runway 1, 8,199 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 28; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review October 1, 2004; seat: left; flight hours: 1,539 total, 151 in this make and model, 1,459 as pilot in command, 129 in the last 90 days, 44 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Pilot; age 23; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 1, 2005; seat: right; flight hours: 1,090 total, 31 in this make and model, 1,010 as pilot in command, 144 in the last 90 days, 47 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 90° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 6,000 ft broken - Temperature: 21 °F, dew point 12 °F - Altimeter: 30.36 inHg - Observed at: RFD ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20051208032069A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20051208032069A), Dec 8, 2005: Piper PA44180, Rockford, IL, Substantial damage. (-23) On December 8, 2005 the pilot [privacy data omitted] was receiving instruction for his multiengine flight instructors rating from [privacy data omitted]… ## Other investigations on N2196B (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB MIA81DLA14](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA81DLA14), Mar 28, 1981: Piper PA-44 (N2196B), Daytona Beach, FL, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.