# NTSB CHI06LA036: Cessna T310R, N5094C, Fergus Falls, MN, November 15, 2005 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 15, 2005, 15:30 local (21:30 UTC) - Place: Fergus Falls, MN - Coordinates: 46.284442, -96.156669 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=46.2844&lon=-96.1567&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 3, 2006 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 62872 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI06LA036 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/62872/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06LA036 ## Probable cause The presence of wing ice during landing. Contributing factors were the icing conditions and flight into known adverse weather by the pilot. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight encounter with weather, cruise - flight into known adverse weather - performed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - weather condition - icing conditions (contributing factor) - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - wing - ice (cause) - ice/frost removal from aircraft - not performed (cause) ## Analysis The on-demand cargo airplane impacted terrain after a hard landing and subsequently veered off the landing runway. Instrument meteorological and icing conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. Inspection of the airplane revealed 1 1/2 - 2 inches of ice on the right wing and vertical and horizontal stabilizers. The left wing had a lesser thickness of ice than the right wing. The airplane was certified for flight into icing conditions. The pilot stated that he acitvated the deice system during flight. ## Factual narrative On November 15, 2005, at 1530 central standard time, a Cessna T310R, operated by Airmax Airlines, received substantial damage during a hard landing on runway 31 (5,639 feet by 100 feet, asphalt) at Fergus Falls Municipal - Einar Mickelson Field (FFM), Fergus Falls, Minnesota. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The 14 CFR Part 135 on-demand cargo flight was operating on an instrument flight rules flight plan. The commercial pilot was uninjured. The flight originated from Hector International, Fargo North Dakota, at 1445, and was en route to FFM. The pilot stated that he received a weather briefing about 1300 and he knew that the freezing levels were "low." He called dispatch and knew he was going to have "difficulty" flying out of FFM. He stated that the operator does not have a deicing program in place so he put the airplane in a hanger before he departed. After departure from FFM, he climbed to the filed cruise altitude of 5,000 feet mean sea level where the airplane began to accumulate ice. He waited for the ice on the wings to accumulated to 1 inch thickness and operated the boots three times prior to landing. The propeller deice, window hot plate, and pitot heat were on. He flew the full instrument approach and at the final approach fix was in visual conditions. When he used flaps, he experienced changes in airspeed while maintaining the glide slope. The power was set 20% higher than "normal." He stated that while reducing power to land, he experienced "unreported" wind shear that caused a hard unaligned landing. The right main landing gear collapsed and the airplane veered off the runway. According to the Federal Aviation Administration inspector, the airplane was certified for flight into icing conditions. On-scene inspection of the airplane revealed 1 1/2 - 2 inches of ice on the right wing and vertical and horizontal stabilizers. The left wing had a lesser thickness of ice than the right wing. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5094C](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N5094C-2018-05-30), registration cancelled 2018-05-30, S/N 310R1417, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna T310R - Registry model: [Cessna T310R](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t310r) (registry code 2074246) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 310R1417 - Engines: Continental TSIO-520 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 135 - Operator: Airmax Airlines - Registered owner: Fischer Aviation Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: FAR, Fargo, ND - Destination: FFM, Fergus Falls, MN - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: FFM, Fergus Falls Municipal - Einar, runway 31, 5,505 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 36; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2; last flight review July 1, 2005; seat: left; flight hours: 2,500 total, 700 in this make and model, 2,300 as pilot in command, 180 in the last 90 days, 60 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 340° at 27 knots, gusting 37 - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,600 ft - Temperature: 28 °F, dew point 25 °F - Altimeter: 29.92 inHg - Observed at: FFM ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20051115032259A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20051115032259A), Nov 15, 2005: Cessna T310R, Fergus Falls, MN, Substantial damage. (-23) Pilot [privacy data omitted] was enroute from fargo, north dakota (FAR) to Fergus Falls, MN (ffm) in N5094C a Cessna CE-310R. On the flight the pilot… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.