# NTSB CHI07FA305: Piper PA-32R-301T, N8341G, Defiance, OH, September 26, 2007 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: September 26, 2007, 10:33 local (14:33 UTC) - Place: Defiance, OH - Coordinates: 41.261943, -84.474723 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.2619&lon=-84.4747&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report September 26, 2008 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Piper Aircraft Company, FAA Columbus FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 66769 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI07FA305 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/66769/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=66769 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07FA305 ## Probable cause The pilot's spatial disorientation when he encountered convective turbulence which resulted in a loss of control. This encounter resulted in an in-flight break up. Contributing to the accident was the convective turbulence in the clouds. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight encounter with weather, descent - normal - flight into adverse weather - encountered, pilot in command (cause) - weather condition - turbulence in clouds (contributing factor) - weather condition - turbulence,convection induced (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, descent - normal - spatial disorientation, pilot in command (cause) - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, descent - uncontrolled - design stress limits of aircraft - exceeded, pilot in command - wing,spar - failure - wing,spar - overload - wing,spar - separation - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis The airplane was in cruise flight about 7,000 feet mean sea level (msl). At 1032:27, air traffic control (ATC) instructed the pilot to descend from 7,000 feet to 3,000 feet msl, and the pilot acknowledged the descent instructions. ATC's last radar contact with the airplane was at 1032:53, and the airplane's altitude was about 6,500 feet msl. The pilot made no distress call and he did not indicate that the airplane was experiencing any mechanical difficulty. Witnesses reported hearing the airplane when it was in the clouds for about a minute with the sound of the engine getting louder and louder. When it descended out of the clouds, the airplane was in about a 45-degree nose down attitude and spinning rapidly. The oscillating engine noise grew increasingly louder as it descended, and it appeared that the airplane was missing part of one of its wings. The airplane suddenly nosed straight down and impacted the ground in a steep, nose down attitude. The left wing's fracture surfaces were consistent with an overstress fracture. The inspection of the airplane revealed no deficiencies that would have precluded normal operation. Weather radar depicted a narrow line of echoes in the vicinity of the accident site. A band of cumulus clouds was over or in the immediate vicinity of the accident site at the time of the accident with cumulonimbus type clouds to the west and southwest of the accident site. The weather radar spectrum width depicted an area of shear between 12 to 24 knots along the last known position of the accident airplane and the accident site. It indicated significant wind velocities and turbulence along the flight track. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On September 26, 2007, at 1033 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-32R-301T, N8341G, sustained substantial damage when it impacted terrain about 7 miles west of Defiance, Ohio. The pilot, the sole occupant, received fatal injuries. The 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 flight departed the Campbell Airport (C81), Grayslake, Illinois, at 0912, and was en route to Findlay Airport (FDY), Findlay, Ohio. Surface weather observations indicated that visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The flight was on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan. Radar track data indicated that the airplane was in cruise flight about 7,000 feet mean sea level (msl). At 1032:27, Toledo Approach Control instructed the pilot to descend from 7,000 feet to 3,000 feet msl, and the pilot acknowledged the descent instructions at 1032:31. The Toledo Approach Control's last radar contact with the airplane was at 1032:53, and the airplane was about 6,500 feet msl. Toledo Approach Control reported that the pilot made no distress call and he did not indicate that the airplane was experiencing any mechanical difficulty. A construction crew was installing a drainage culvert on Whetstone Road, located about 7 miles west of Defiance, Ohio, on the day of the accident. The witnesses reported that rain showers had moved through the area a few minutes prior to the accident. Low-level gray clouds were in the area all morning, with darker clouds to the east at the time of the accident. They could hear the airplane when it was in the clouds for about a minute with the sound of the engine getting louder and louder. Two of the witnesses observed the airplane when it descended out of the clouds. The airplane was traveling from the southeast to the northwest. The airplane was in about a 45-degree nose down attitude as it was descending, and the airplane was spinning rapidly. The oscillating engine noise grew increasingly louder as it descended, and it appeared that the airplane was missing part of one of its wings. The witnesses reported that the airplane suddenly nosed straight down and impacted the ground in a steep, nose down attitude. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot was a 57-year-old private pilot with single-engine and instrument airplane ratings. He held a third-class medical certificate that was issued in December 2006. He had a total of about 1,949 hours of flight time. He completed a biennial flight review on March 4, 2007. He had flown about 52 hours in the accident airplane in the last 90 days, and 17 hours in the accident airplane in the last 30 days. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The airplane was a single-engine Piper PA-32R-301T with a Lycoming 300-horsepower TIO-540-S1AD engine. The engine was overhauled on August 15, 2006, and had about 255 hours since the major overhaul at the time of the accident. The last annual maintenance inspection, conducted on August 17, 2007, indicated that the airplane had a total time of 3,720 hours. The estimated total time on the airplane at the time of the accident was about 3,747 hours. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The National Weather Service (NWS) Surface Analysis Chart for 1100 depicted a cold front to the west of the accident site. The station models on the Surface Analysis Chart closest to the accident site depicted a cyclonic shift in the wind between Indiana and Ohio on either side of the cold front. Sky cover was broken to overcast along the route of flight, with several stations reporting visibility restriction in rain, mist, and haze. Temperatures ranged from the 50's degrees Fahrenheit (F) over Iowa and Illinois behind the cold front to the low 70's degree F across southern Indiana and Ohio ahead of the cold front. Defiance Memorial Airport (DFI) was located approximately 5 miles northeast of the accident site. The airport was equipped with an Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS) and reported the following weather conditions surrounding the time of the accident: DFI weather observation at 0953, automated, wind variable at 3 knots, visibility 6 miles in mist, ceiling broken at 1,000 feet, overcast at 1,400 feet, temperature 21 degrees Celsius (C), dew point temperature 19 degrees C, altimeter setting 30.01 inches of Mercury (Hg). Remarks: automated observation system, ceiling 700 variable 1,300 feet, sea level pressure 1015.7-hectopascals (hPa), temperature 21.1 degrees C, dew point 19.4 degrees C. DFI weather observation at 1011, automated, wind variable at 3 knots, visibility 6 miles in mist, few clouds at 800 feet, ceiling broken at 1,400 feet, overcast at 2,200 feet, temperature 22 degrees C, dew point temperature 19 degrees C, altimeter setting 30.01 inches of Hg. Remarks: automated observation system. DFI weather observation at 1053, automated, wind from 320 degrees at 9 knots, visibility 10 miles, ceiling broken at 1,000 feet, overcast at 3,600 feet, temperature 21 degrees C, dew point temperature 18 degrees C, altimeter setting 30.02 inches of Hg. Remarks: automated observation system, ceiling 900 variable 1,300 feet, sea level pressure 1016.3-hPa, temperature 20.6 degrees C, dew point 18.3 degrees C, 3-hour pressure tendency risen 0.8-hPa. The Geostationary Operations Environmental Satellite number 12 (GOES-12) data depicted an enhanced area of clouds over northeastern and southern Ohio associated with cumulonimbus type clouds to the west and southwest of the accident site, with a general northeast-to-southwest band of low- and mid-level clouds extending over the region with the accident site located near the leading edge of the band of mid-level clouds. The GOES-12 depicted that a band of cumulus clouds was over or in the immediate vicinity of the accident site at the time of the accident. The closest NWS Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler (WSR-88D) was located approximately 55 miles west of the accident site. The WSR-88D base reflectivity images depicted a narrow line of echoes oriented in a northeast to southwest direction developing and moving eastward through the period. The line moved across DFI at 1019. At 1031, reflectivities of 25 to 30 decibels (dBZ) (very light - light to moderate turbulence and with possible lightning) were over the flight track of N8341G, with the maximum echoes of 45 dBZ (very strong turbulence with possible lightning) located 5 miles southwest of the accident site. The next scan at 1037, depicted the line of echoes immediately east of the accident site with an echo of 35 dBZ (light to moderate) located 1-mile east-southeast, and a cell of 50 dBZ ("intense" with severe turbulence, lightning) located approximately 3 miles south-southwest of the accident site. The images between 1031 and 1037 showed echoes of 25 to 35 dBZ or moderate intensity echoes along the flight path. At 1031, the echo over the flight track depicted reflectivities of less than 5 dBZ (weak), with the maximum echo of 40 dBZ (strong) located approximately 4 miles southwest. The WSR-88D spectrum width product at 1032:18 depicted an area of shear between 12 to 24 knots along the last know position of the accident airplane and the accident site, and it indicated significant wind velocities along the flight track. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The airplane impacted the top edge of a drainage embankment that was between a cornfield and Whetstone Road. The airplane impacted the clay soil on a heading of about 240 degrees magnetic. The coordinates of the main wreckage site were 41 degrees 15.715 minutes north latitude and 084 degrees 28.594 minutes west longitude. The crush of the leading edges of both wings and the crush of the fuselage indicated an impact angle that was consistent with 80-degrees nose down, inverted attitude. The leading edges and main spars of both wings were crushed and bent aft. The impact of the wings created a ground scar about 8 - 12 inches deep. The front of the ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8341G](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N8341G-2008-12-11), registration cancelled 2008-12-11, S/N 32R-8129046, built 1981 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-32R-301T - Registry model: [Piper PA-32R-301T](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32r-301t) (registry code 7103220) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 32R-8129046 - Airframe hours: 3720 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-S1AD 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Paul E. Harris - Registered owner: Paul E. Harris - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, August 1, 2007, 27 hours before - Departed: C81, Grayslake, IL - Destination: FDY, Findlay, OH - Flight plan: IFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 57; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 1, 2007; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,949 total, 52 in the last 90 days, 17 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 0° at 3 knots - Visibility: 6 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,400 ft broken - Temperature: 72 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 30.01 inHg - Observed at: DFI ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20070926824719A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20070926824719A), Sep 26, 2007: Piper PA32R301T, Defiance, OH, Destroyed, 1 fatal. (-23) On September 26, 2007 at 1033 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-32-301T lance, N8341G was totally destroyed after impacting terrain several miles west of… ## Docket (35 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 8, 2008, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=66769. - Meteorology 5 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 1, .PDF, 3.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40287102&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF - Record of Interviews (item 2, .PDF): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299565&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Interviews-Master.PDF - Wreckage Diagram (item 3, .PDF, 152 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299567&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Wreckage%20Diagram-Master.PDF - Radar Plots of Flight (item 4, .PDF, 2.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299569&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Radar%20Plots%20of%20Flight-Master.PDF - FAA ATC Report & Transcript (item 5, .PDF, 748 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299571&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20ATC%20Report%20%26%20Transcript-Master.PDF - Ohio State Highway Patrol Report (item 6, .PDF, 383 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465248&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Ohio%20State%20Highway%20Patrol%20Report-Master.PDF - Pilot Logbook Entries (item 7, .PDF, 4.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465247&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Logbook%20Entries-Master.PDF - Aircraft Logbook Entries (item 8, .PDF, 955 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465249&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Logbook%20Entries-Master.PDF - Pilot's Insurance Application (item 9, .PDF, 186 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299575&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Insurance%20Application-Master.PDF - Medical Records Information (item 10, .PDF, 17 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40284768&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Medical%20Records%20Information-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 11, .PDF, 59 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465245&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 12, .PDF, 395 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299611&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 13, .PDF, 141 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465246&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF - Photo 1. View of Wreckage on a North Heading (item 14, .PDF, 441 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299579&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20%20View%20of%20Wreckage%20on%20a%20North%20Heading-Master.PDF - Photo 2. View of Wreckage on a South Heading (item 15, .PDF, 428 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299580&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20%20View%20of%20Wreckage%20on%20a%20South%20Heading-Master.PDF - Photo 3. View of Right Wing (item 16, .PDF, 463 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299581&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203.%20%20View%20of%20Right%20Wing-Master.PDF - Photo 4. Ground Scar and Cockpit (item 17, .PDF, 473 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299582&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204.%20%20Ground%20Scar%20and%20Cockpit-Master.PDF - Photo 5. Instrument Panel (item 18, .PDF, 459 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299583&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205.%20%20Instrument%20Panel-Master.PDF - Photo 6. Left Wing and Cabin (item 19, .PDF, 458 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299584&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206.%20%20Left%20Wing%20and%20Cabin-Master.PDF - Photo 7. Left Inboard Wing Spar (item 20, .PDF, 390 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299585&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207.%20%20Left%20Inboard%20Wing%20Spar-Master.PDF - Photo 8. Left Wing Outboard Section (item 21, .PDF, 452 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299586&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%208.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Outboard%20Section-Master.PDF - Photo 9. Left Wing Outboard Upper Spar Fracture Surface (item 22, .PDF, 327 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299587&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%209.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Outboard%20Upper%20Spar%20Fracture%20Surface-Master.PDF - Photo 10. Engine on the Hangar Floor (item 23, .PDF, 409 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299588&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2010.%20%20Engine%20on%20the%20Hangar%20Floor-Master.PDF - Photo 11. View of Turbocharger (item 24, .PDF, 443 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299589&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2011.%20%20View%20of%20Turbocharger-Master.PDF - Photo 12. Blade "A" (item 25, .PDF, 268 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299590&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2012.%20%20Blade%20%22A%22-Master.PDF - Photo 13. Blade "B" (item 26, .PDF, 232 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299591&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2013.%20%20Blade%20%22B%22-Master.PDF - Photo 14. Blade "C" (item 27, .PDF, 256 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299592&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2014.%20%20Blade%20%22C%22-Master.PDF - Photo 15. Attitude Indicator (item 28, .PDF, 248 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299593&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2015.%20%20Attitude%20Indicator-Master.PDF - Photo 16. Attitude Gyro Rotor and Housing (item 29, .PDF, 228 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299594&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2016.%20%20Attitude%20Gyro%20Rotor%20and%20Housing-Master.PDF - Photo 17. Left Wing Inboard Lower Spar Fracture Surface (item 30, .PDF, 229 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299595&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2017.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Inboard%20Lower%20Spar%20Fracture%20Surface-Master.PDF - Photo 18. Left Wing Inboard Upper Spar Fracture Surface (item 31, .PDF, 222 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299596&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2018.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Inboard%20Upper%20Spar%20Fracture%20Surface-Master.PDF - Photo 19. Left Wing Outboard Lower Spar Fracture Surface (item 32, .PDF, 201 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299597&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2019.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Outboard%20Lower%20Spar%20Fracture%20Surface-Master.PDF - Photo 20. Left Wing Outboard Upper Spar Fracture Surface (item 33, .PDF, 204 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299598&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2020.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Outboard%20Upper%20Spar%20Fracture%20Surface-Master.PDF - Photo 21. Left Wing Inboard and Outboard Spar Sections Positioned Together (item 34, .PDF, 251 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299599&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2021.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Inboard%20and%20Outboard%20Spar%20Sections%20Positioned%20Together-Master.PDF - Photo 22. Left Wing Inboard and Outboard Spar Sections Positioned Together (item 35, .PDF, 248 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40299600&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2022.%20%20Left%20Wing%20Inboard%20and%20Outboard%20Spar%20Sections%20Positioned%20Together-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. 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