# NTSB CHI88FA162: Cessna 172M, N80943, Holland, MI, July 10, 1988

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report
- Date: July 10, 1988, 13:12 local (17:12 UTC)
- Place: Holland, MI
- Coordinates: 42.76939, -86.100082 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.7694&lon=-86.1001&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Fatal
- Injuries: 1 fatal, 3 serious
- Status: Completed, report January 16, 1990
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 13952
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI88FA162
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/13952/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI88FA162

## Probable cause

PILOT'S INADEQUATE AIRCRAFT HANDLING DURING THE APPROACH TO LANDING AND LANDING FLARE PHASE OF FLIGHT. THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE AND AVOID A SITUATION FROM WHICH IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE-DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT, THE AMOUNT OF POWER AVAILABLE FROM THE ENGINE, AND THE PRESENCE OF OBSTACLES IN THE FLIGHT PATH- TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN AN ADEQUATE AIRSPEED AND RATE OF CLIMB, RESULTED IN THE AIRCRAFT'S STALL/MUSH AND DESCENT INTO A WOODED RESIDENTIAL AREA.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of control - in flight, landing - aborted
  - weather condition - high wind (contributing factor)
  - weather condition - crosswind (contributing factor)
  - weather condition - gusts (contributing factor)
  - weather condition - turbulence (contributing factor)
  - recovery from bounced landing - improper, pilot in command (cause)
  - go-around - delayed, pilot in command
  - compensation for wind conditions - inadequate, pilot in command (cause)
  - stall/mush - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause)
- In flight collision with object, landing - aborted
  - object - tree(s) (contributing factor)
  - object - residence (contributing factor)
- In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled
  - terrain condition - residential area

## Analysis

THE 2 FNT SEAT OCCUPANTS WERE PLTS & WERE TAKING TURNS AT FLYING THE ACFT ON ALTN LEGS OF THE FLT. AFTER REFUELING, THEY DEPD FREMONT WITH THE CO-OWNER OF THE ACFT IN THE RGT FNT SEAT, THE OTR PLT (PIC) IN THE LEFT FNT SEAT & 2 PAX IN THE REAR SEATS. WHEN THEY ARRIVED AT HOLLAND, THE AIR WAS TURBULENT. DRG THE LNDG, THE ACFT BOUNCED & BALLOONED. THE PIC INITIATED A GO-AROUND, BUT GUSTS OF WIND BLEW THE ACFT TO THE RGT. ACCORDING TO THE CO-OWNER, THE AIRSPEED WAS NOT INCREASING AFTER LIFT-OFF & THE STALL WARNING HORN WAS SOUNDING. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE ACFT STRUCK A TREE, THEN CRASHED IN A RESIDENTUAL AREA, HITTING A HOUSE BEFORE COMING TO REST IN THE BACKYARD. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE INDCD THE FLAPS WERE EXTENDED 10 TO 20 DEGS WHEN THE ACFT CRASHED. THE ACFT WT WAS ESTIMATED TO BE SLIGHTLY LESS THAN THE MAX LIMIT OF 2300 LBS WHEN IT CRASHED. APRX 27 MI NORTHWEST, AT MUSKEGON, MI, THE 1350 EDT WIND WAS FROM 210 DEG AT 19 GUSTING 28 KTS.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N80943](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N80943-1991-06-28), registration cancelled 1991-06-28, S/N 17266811 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 172M
- Registry model: [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m) (registry code 2072418) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 172-66811
- Airframe hours: 2673
- Engines: LYCOMING O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Destroyed
- Fire: On-Ground
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Registered owner: David G. Raymond
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, June 28, 1988, 20 hours before
- Departed: 3FM, FREMONT, MI
- Destination: HLM
- Airport: HLM, Park Township, runway 23, 3,075 × 50 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 37; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 233 total, 75 in this make and model, 160 as pilot in command, 36 in the last 90 days, 8 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 210° at 19 knots, gusting 28
- Visibility: 5 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 15,000 ft overcast
- Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 68 °F
- Altimeter: 29.00 inHg
- Observed at: MKG, 27 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19880710025889A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19880710025889A), Jul 10, 1988: Cessna 172M, Holland, MI, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Near gross weight and trouble with gusts. Tried to go around with flaps extended,hit trees mushed,crashed and burned

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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