# NTSB CHI91DTG04: Cessna T188C, N2093J, Walhalla, ND, July 17, 1991

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Final report
- Date: July 17, 1991, 10:30 local (15:30 UTC)
- Place: Walhalla, ND
- Coordinates: 48.920124, -97.909538 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=48.9201&lon=-97.9095&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 1 uninjured
- Status: Completed, report January 25, 1993
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 14873
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI91DTG04
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/14873/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DTG04

## Probable cause

INADEQUATE COMPENSATION FOR WIND CONDITIONS, AND FAILURE TO MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL.  FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT ARE GUSTY CROSSWIND CONDITIONS.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of control - on ground/water, takeoff - roll/run
  - weather condition - gusts (contributing factor)
  - weather condition - crosswind (contributing factor)
  - compensation for wind conditions - inadequate, pilot in command (cause)
  - directional control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause)
- On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, takeoff - roll/run
- Nose over, other

## Analysis

THE AGRICULTURAL SPRAYING OPERATION WAS BEING CONDUCTED OFF OF A HARD SURFACED COUNTY ROAD.  IT BEGAN TO RAIN, SO PILOT LANDED ON ROAD TO WAIT FOR RAIN TO STOP.  A THUNDERSTORM WAS APPROACHING FROM THE WEST AND THE WIND BEGAN TO INCREASE AND GET GUSTY.  THE PILOT DECIDED TO TRY TO TAKEOFF TO THE WEST AND RETURN TO AIRPORT.  THE CROSSWIND WAS FROM THE SOUTHWEST. ON TAKEOFF PILOT COULD NOT MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL.  THE AIRCRAFT BECAME AIRBORNE, DRIFTED TO THE RIGHT, SETTLED INTO DITCH, AND NOSED OVER.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N2093J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2093J-2018-05-30), registration cancelled 2018-05-30, S/N T18803383T, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA T188C
- Registry model: [Cessna T188C](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t188c) (registry code 2073012) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 03383T
- Airframe hours: 2779
- Engines: Continental TSI0-520-RCT 310 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Aerial application, Part 137
- Operator: Hardy Avaition, Inc.
- Registered owner: Hardy Avaition, Inc.
- Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special)
- Last inspection: Annual, February 4, 1991, 132 hours before

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 52; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: center; flight hours: 10,520 total, 6,500 in this make and model, 10,400 as pilot in command, 235 in the last 90 days, 110 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: variable at 10 knots, gusting 25
- Visibility: 15 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 25,000 ft broken
- Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 63 °F
- Altimeter: 29.00 inHg

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19910717027689A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19910717027689A), Jul 17, 1991: Cessna T188C, Walhalla, ND, Substantial damage. Tried to depart road with thunderstorm in area. Wind gust lifted aircraft too early. Drifted,settled,flipped in ditch

## Other investigations on N2093J (1)

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

- [NTSB CEN15CA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN15CA184), Mar 28, 2015: Cessna T188C (N2093J), Burdett, KS, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot did not maintain directional control of the airplane in gusting wind conditions.

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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