# NTSB CHI91LA142: Piper PA-28-140, N95406, Hibbing, MN, April 25, 1991

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: April 24, 1991, 19:00 local (Apr 25, 1991, 00:00 UTC)
- Place: Hibbing, MN
- Coordinates: 47.399375, -93.079498 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=47.3994&lon=-93.0795&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Minor injuries
- Injuries: 1 minor, 1 uninjured
- Status: Completed, report March 31, 1993
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 15053
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI91LA142
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/15053/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA142

## Probable cause

THE STUDENT PILOT'S IMPROPER FLARE OF THE AIRPLANE AND THE CFI'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL DURING THE RECOVERY. A FACTOR WAS THE SOFT TERRAIN.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - flare/touchdown
  - flare - improper, dual student (cause)
  - remedial action - attempted, pilot in command(cfi)
  - directional control - not maintained, pilot in command(cfi) (cause)
- Nose gear collapsed, landing - roll
  - landing gear,nose gear - overload
  - terrain condition - soft (contributing factor)
- Nose over, landing - roll

## Analysis

THE STUDENT PILOT WAS PERFORMING THE TOUCH AND GO LANDING WHEN THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED.  THE CFI STATED THE STUDENT FLARED THE AIRPLANE LATE, IT BOUNCED ON THE RUNWAY AND BECAME AIRBORNE.  THE CFI ATTEMPTED TO RECOVER; HOWEVER, THE AIRPLANE SETTLED INTO MUDDY TERRAIN OFF THE SIDE OF THE RUNWAY WHERE THE NOSE GEAR COLLAPSED AND THE AIRPLANE NOSED OVER.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N95406](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N95406-1997-07-28), registration cancelled 1997-07-28, S/N 2825923 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28-140
- Registry model: [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140) (registry code 7102802) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 28-24923
- Engines: LYCOMING O-320-E2A 150 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Wm. & Audrey Svigel
- Registered owner: Wm. & Audrey Svigel
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Annual, December 30, 1990, 40 hours before
- Airport: HIB, Hibbing-Chisholm, runway 22, 3,075 × 75 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 30; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 325 total, 10 in this make and model, 199 as pilot in command, 18 in the last 90 days, 13 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 200° at 15 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: -0 °F, dew point -0 °F
- Observed at: HIB, 1 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19910424012329A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19910424012329A), Apr 24, 1991: Piper PA28140, Hibbing, MN, Substantial damage. Student failed to flare on landing hit nose first ballooned drifted came down off runway in mud.

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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