# NTSB CHI92LA036: Piper PA28R-200, N2072T, Lakeville, MN, December 1, 1991 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 1, 1991, 15:20 local (21:20 UTC) - Place: Lakeville, MN - Coordinates: 44.670322, -93.240913 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.6703&lon=-93.2409&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 5 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 22, 1993 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 15352 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI92LA036 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/15352/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA036 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) THE FAILURE OF BOTH PILOTS TO MAINTAIN VISUAL SEPARATION FROM EACH OTHER. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THIS ACCIDENT WERE AN INADEQUATE VISUAL LOOKOUT BY BOTH PILOTS AND THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND'S FAILURE TO FOLLOW PROCEDURES AND DIRECTIVES. ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) THE FACT THAT BOTH PILOTS DID NOT MAINTAIN VISUAL SEPARATION FROM EACH OTHER. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THIS ACCIDENT WERE AN INADEQUATE VISUAL LOOKOUT FOR BOTH PILOTS AND THE PILOT IN COMMAND OF THE OTHER AIRPLANE WAS NOT FOLLOWING PROCEDURES AND DIRECTIVES. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Midair collision, landing - flare/touchdown - terrain condition - snow covered - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (contributing factor) - visual separation - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - visual separation - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - procedures/directives - not followed, pilot of other aircraft (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, landing - flare/touchdown - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - runway - Midair collision, landing - flare/touchdown - terrain condition - snow covered - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - visual lookout - inadequate, pilot of other aircraft (contributing factor) - visual separation - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - visual separation - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - procedures/directives - not followed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, landing - flare/touchdown - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - runway ## Analysis (aircraft 2) THE PILOT OF A HIGH WING, SINGLE ENGINE AIRPLANE WAS FLYING A PUBLISHED ILS APPROACH AS GUIDANCE TO A RUNWAY HE INTENDED TO LAND ON. THE PILOT STATED THAT HE ANNOUNCED HIS POSITION THREE TIMES DURING THE APPROACH. THE PILOT STATED THAT HE HEARD THE PILOT OF ANOTHER AIRPLANE ANNOUNCE HIS POSITION ON BASE LEG FOR THE SAME RUNWAY HE WAS INTENDING TO LAND ON. HE STATED THAT HE COULD NOT SEE THE OTHER AIRPLANE AND DID NOT ASK THE PILOT OF THAT AIRPLANE TO RE-STATE HIS POSITION. HE CONTINUED INBOUND AND, DURING THE FLARE FOR LANDING, A LOW WING AIRPLANE LANDED ON TOP OF HIS AIRPLANE. AN ON-SCENE INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT BOTH AIRPLANES WERE WHITE IN OVERALL COLOR WITH DARK TRIM. THE TERRAIN BOTH AIRPLANES WERE OPERATING OVER WAS SNOW COVERED. ## Analysis (aircraft 1) THE PILOT OF A LOW WING, SINGLE ENGINE, AIRPLANE WAS TAKING A FLIGHT TEST FOR A COMMERCIAL PILOT CERTIFICATE. THE PILOT STATED HE ANNOUNCED HIS POSITION ON EACH LEG OF THE TRAFFIC PATTERN; THIS WAS CONFIRMED BY THE PILOT EXAMINER. DURING THE FLARE FOR LANDING THE AIRPLANE LANDED ON TOP OF A HIGH WING, SINGLE ENGINE, AIRPLANE. BOTH OCCUPANTS OF THE LOW WING AIRPLANE STATED THAT THEY DID NOT SEE OR HEAR RADIO CALLS FROM THE HIGH WING AIRPLANE. THE ON SCENE INVESTIGATION FOUND THAT BOTH AIRPLANES WERE WHITE IN OVERALL COLOR WITH DARK TRIM. THE TERRAIN THEY WERE OPERATING OVER WAS SOW COVERED. THE HIGH WING AIRPLANE TO THE RUNWAY THE LOW WING AIRPLANE WAS INTENDING TO LAND ON. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N2072T](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N2072T), registered now, S/N 28R-7135016, built 1970 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA28R-200 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28R-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-200) (registry code 7102811) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28R-7135016 - Engines: LYCOMING I0-360-C1C 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 91 - Operator: Richard N. Jurgine - Registered owner: Richard N. Jurgine - Airport: Y12, Air Lakes, runway 29, 4,098 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N52762](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N52762-2013-04-08), registration cancelled 2013-04-08, S/N 177RG1266, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 177RG - Registry model: [Cessna 177RG](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-177rg) (registry code 2073709) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-360-A1B6D](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-360-a1b6d) (registry code 41593, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 1266 - Airframe hours: 2052 - Engines: LYCOMING I0-360 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Air Lakes Aero Inc. - Registered owner: Air Lakes Aero Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 4, 1991, 264 hours before - Departed: C32, MINERAL PIONT, WI - Airport: Y12, Air Lakes, runway 29, 4,098 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N2072T; age 26; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; flight hours: 410 total, 16 in this make and model - Pilot, aircraft N52762; age 32; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 2,300 total, 61 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 17 knots - Visibility: 20 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Observed at: MSP, 15 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19911201053821A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19911201053821A), Dec 1, 1991: Piper PA28R200, Lakeville, MN, Substantial damage. On a checkride landed on top of N52762 that was on landing roll from a practice ILS without hood or safety pilot. - [Accident 19911201053822A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19911201053822A), Dec 1, 1991: Cessna 177RG, Lakeville, MN, Destroyed. After practice ILS minus hood or safety pilot was on landing roll when N2072T landed on top. On commercial checkride From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.