# NTSB CHI93FA135: Piper PA-28R-200, N9460N, Kinsley, KS, April 12, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: April 12, 1993, 15:50 local (20:50 UTC) - Place: Kinsley, KS - Coordinates: 37.919364, -99.409477 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.9194&lon=-99.4095&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report August 26, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9155 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI93FA135 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9155/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93FA135 ## Probable cause THE PILOT INITIATED VFR FLIGHT INTO INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS WHICH RESULTED IN A LOSS OF AIRCRAFT CONTROL DUE TO SPATIAL DISORIENTATION. THE ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS WERE FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE ACCIDENT. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight encounter with weather, cruise - normal - weather condition - low ceiling (contributing factor) - weather condition - obscuration (contributing factor) - weather condition - drizzle/mist (contributing factor) - weather condition - fog (contributing factor) - vfr flight into imc - initiated, pilot in command (cause) - Loss of control - in flight, cruise - normal - aircraft control - uncontrolled, pilot in command (cause) - spatial disorientation, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis THE PILOT TOLD THE AIRPORT MANAGER THAT HE HAD TO RETURN TO HIS HOME BASE. THE MANAGER ADVISED THE PILOT NOT TO DEPART DUE TO MARGINAL WEATHER CONDITIONS. THE PILOT ASKED THE MANAGER TO OBTAIN A WEATHER BRIEFING FOR HIM. THE MANAGER COMPLIED AND AGAIN ADVISED THE PILOT NOT TO DEPART DUE TO THE WEATHER. THE MANAGER STATED THE PILOT WAS IN A VERY AGITATED STATE, AND TOLD THE AIRPORT MANAGER HE WAS GOING TO DEPART. THE MANAGER ADVISED THE PILOT TO FLY ALONG THE ROADS TO AVOID RADIO ANTENNAS BETWEEN THE DEPARTURE AND DESTINATION AIRPORTS. THE MANAGER GAVE THE PILOT A OLD SECTIONAL CHART BECAUSE THE PILOT STATED HE DID NOT HAVE ONE. SHORTLY AFTER THE PILOT DEPARTURED, A WITNESS OBSERVED AN AIRPLANE OF SIMILAR COLOR AND DESIGN PASS LOW OVER HER TRUCK. SHE STATED THERE WAS A LIGHT MIST AT THE TIME. THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH THE GROUND RIGHT WING LOW. THE PILOT WAS DIAGNOSED AS HAVING SEVERE CARDIAC DISEASE BY THE PATHOLOGIST PERFORMING THE AUTOPSY. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On April 12, 1993, at 1550 central daylight time (CDT), a Piper PA-28R-200, N9460N, registered to Larry L. Leoffler of Woodrow, Colorado, and flown by a private pilot, was destroyed during a collision with the ground and subsequent fire. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The 14 CFR Part 91 flight was not operating on a flight plan. The pilot and passenger received fatal injuries. The flight departed Greensburg, Kansas, at 1530 CDT. Prior to departure from Greensburg, Kansas, the airport manager called the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Flight Service Station (FSS) on behalf of the pilot. The manager obtained a weather briefing and passed the information to the pilot. He stated the pilot looked at the information and asked the manager to explain it to him. The manager stated he explained the information to the pilot and advised him not to depart due to what he considered poor ceilings and visibility. He estimated the ceilings at Greensburg were approximately 300 to 500 feet above ground level with a visibility of 2 miles with a light mist present. According to the manager, the pilot stated he could not wait and had to get home. The manager stated he advised the pilot not to depart five or six times during the pilot's stay on the ground. During the pilot's pretakeoff activities the manager noted he became increasingly agitated and apprehensive about the flight. During this time frame the airplane was refueled and, according to the manager, the pilot remained insistent that he depart. Realizing the pilot was going to depart, the manager advised the pilot to fly roads until he encountered what he stated was good VFR weather. He stated he did this because of the many radio antennae along the flight's route. During the conversation between the manager and pilot the manager became aware that the pilot did not possess a sectional navigation chart for the area. He stated he gave the pilot an old chart and suggested a route that would get the pilot to Hays, Kansas, where the pilot could locate Interstate Highway 70 and take it westbound. The manager stated he asked the friend of the pilot, who drove the pilot and passenger to the airport, to talk the pilot out of departing due to the bad weather. He said the friend "... did not seem inclined to do this... ." The pilot, according to the manager, "...sprinted to the airplane... ." He stated he observed the airplane takeoff to the north and "...disappear into the soup." A person driving southbound on Centerview Road observed an airplane flying very low and parallel to the road. Centerview Road is a north-south oriented road located approximately one mile east of the departure airport. Her witness statement stated she "...could hear the engine with the windows closed and the radio on. The plane was single-engine, low wing, white in color- no landing gear observed." This witness stated the "...sky was heavy overcast and there was a light mist in the air." N9460N was white in color and possessed a retractable landing gear. OTHER DAMAGE According to the Edwards County, Kansas, Sheriff, an approximate half section of contract land program grass was destroyed by fire. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot possessed a private pilot certificate with a single engine land rating issued on February 23, 1987. At the time of the pilot's private pilot flight test, the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Airman Certificate Application showed the pilot had 68 hours total time and three hours of instrument flight instruction time. The pilot's personal logbook record was destroyed during the fire which followed the crash of N9460N. According to a statement obtained from the pilot's son, the pilot had approximately 125 hours total flying time. The FAA records show the pilot stated he had 220 hours of flying time when he filled out his medical application form. The pilot's Third Class Medical was issued on December 1, 1992. The pilot's son stated his father received his biennial flight review "...a while ago." He stated his father last flew the airplane approximately three weeks prior to the accident date. The pilot's logbook was not available for review. The pilot's total time in the Piper PA-28R-200 was not determined. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION N9460N's airframe logbook showed its last annual inspection was on January 15, 1992. The logbook endorsement showed that N9460N had 2,210 hours total time. N9460N's engine logbook confirmed the airframe logbook's annual inspection date and time. Applicable excerpts of the airplane's airframe and engine logbooks are appended to this report. N9460N's propeller logbook showed the propeller had been overhauled on July 15, 1989. Applicable excerpts of the logbook are appended to this report. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION During an interview with the manager of the Greensburg, Kansas, airport it was revealed that the weather was 300 to 500 foot ceiling and two miles visibility. Weather information obtained by the airport manager showed the following existing conditions: 1) Dodge City, KS, (DDC): measured 500 overcast 2 1/2 miles visibility with light rain. DDC is located approximately 34 NM west-northwest of the departure airport., 2) Hays, KS, (HYS): measured 800 broken, 1,200 feet overcast with 10 miles visibility. HYS is located 77 NM north of the departure airport., 3) Garden City, KS, (GCK): estimated 500 broken ceiling with a 1,000 foot overcast sky, visibility 2 1/2 miles with fog. GCK is located approximately 72 miles west-northwest of the departure airport. A copy of the airport manager's weather briefing notes the FAA Flight Service Station specialist is appended to this report. Additional weather information is appended to this report. AERODROME INFORMATION The Greensburg, Kansas, airport (Paul Windle Municipal Airport) is a noncontrolled airport. It is located in an area where controlled airspace extends down to 1,200 feet above ground level. The airspace below the controlled airspace is classified as noncontrolled airspace. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION N9460N's first contact point was located approximately 16 feet from the base of an eight foot high north-south oriented berm. The wreckage trail had a general heading of 300 degrees magnetic and extended outward approximately 311 feet to the main wreckage position. Small pieces of green glass were found at the start of the ground scar as well as right wing tip fiberglass type material and the wing tip navigation light lenses mount with a small fragment of green glass positioned within it. Approximately 15 feet from the first impact point a ground scar, measuring approximately 43 feet in length by three feet in width with a maximum depth of approximately 10 inches had pieces of plexiglass, and right wing tip fiberglass scattered on the north side of the scar. The remainder of the ground scar varied in width between approximately 12 to 18 inches and 1 to 3 inches in depth. Both front seats of N9460N displayed right side crushing between the seat frame and floor seat mount. The seat's vertical members displayed compressive force damage. N9460N's fuselage, empennage, and left wing were located at the end of the wreckage trail. The fuselage was observed laying on its left side. The fuselage had been consumed by fire from the aft end of the baggage compartment forward. The cabin/cockpit had been totally consumed by fire. All three landing gear units were observed in the down locked position. The left wing had separated from its root mount and was observed laying across the aft fuselage. The left wing was observed crushed in varying directions from the wing tip inboard to approximately three feet from the main landing gear mount. The right wing's landing gear and associated wing structure was found approximately 210 feet southeast of the main wrecka ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9460N](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9460N-1993-10-06), registration cancelled 1993-10-06, S/N 28R35176 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28R-200 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28R-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-200) (registry code 7102811) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28R-35176 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-360-C1C 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Larry Leoffler - Registered owner: Larry Leoffler - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Unknown, January 2, 2000 - Departed: 8K7, GREENSBURG, KS - Destination: LIC, LIMON, CO ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 52; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 220 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 360° at 15 knots - Visibility: 2 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 300 ft - Temperature: 45 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930412009099A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930412009099A), Apr 12, 1993: Piper PA28R200, Kinsley, KS, Destroyed, 2 fatal. Crashed near airport. Departed into IMC. Was following road low altitude. Autopsy indicates myocardium infraction. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.