# NTSB CHI93FA171: Piper PA-28-140, N4563R, Hubbardston, MI, May 14, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: May 14, 1993, 14:57 local (18:57 UTC) - Place: Hubbardston, MI - Coordinates: 43.089111, -84.840827 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=43.0891&lon=-84.8408&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal, 1 serious - Status: Completed, report September 27, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9163 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI93FA171 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9163/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93FA171 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN AIRSPEED DUE TO ALCOHOL IMPAIRMENT WHILE MANEUVERING AT LOW ALTITUDE. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, maneuvering - buzzing - performed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - airspeed - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - impairment(alcohol), pilot in command (cause) - stall - inadvertent, pilot in command - In flight collision with object, descent - uncontrolled - object - tree(s) ## Analysis WITNESSES OBSERVED THE AIRPLANE FLYING LOW TO THE GROUND WHILE PERFORMING MANEUVERS DESCRIBED AS TURNS OVER A HOME AND '...LOOPDY DOOWS...' ONE OF THE WITNESSES OBSERVED THE AIRPLANE BUFFET, TURN LEFT, AND DESCEND INTO TREES. THE ON-SCENE INVESTIGATION REVEALED AIRFRAME, POWERPLANT, AND CONTROL SYSTEM INTEGRITY. THE AIRPLANE'S INTERIOR HAD A STRONG SCENT SIMILAR TO BEER. ONE BEER CAN WAS FOUND IN THE COCKPIT, TWO WERE ON THE GROUND ADJACENT TO THE AIRPLANE'S CABIN AREA. THE PILOT'S BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL WAS 0.09%. ## Factual narrative On May 14, 1993, at 1427 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-28-140, N4563R, registered to Donald W. Haven and Gary Abshagen of Hubbardston, Michigan, and piloted by a private pilot, was destroyed during a collision with trees and terrain. Witnesses reported the airplane was flying approximately 100 feet above the ground, performing a series of turns, when the airplane descended into the trees. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The 14 CFR Part 91 flight was operating without a flight plan. The pilot was fatally injured, the passenger received serious injuries. The flight originated from a restricted landing area near Hubbardston, Michigan, exact time unknown. Witnesses provided differing reports of the airplane's flight maneuvering prior to the accident. Two witnesses stated the airplane performed three circles at a low altitude. Another witness stated the airplane became stationary in the air with its left wing down before it descended into the trees. Two witnesses stated the airplane made two circles over their home and then crashed into the trees during the third circle. One witness, in his written account of the accident flight, stated the airplane "...circled to the left-North continued to the west with wing's level. A/C appeared to buffet. A/C turned left and engine became silent. A/C crashed between trees." A witness positioned adjacent to the field where N4563R crashed stated the airplane "...was flying low to the ground and doing loopdy dows about 11 to 12." His written statement continues, "Then the plane did the last one and went up and then turn towards the ground and the engine started to rev up then hit the tree first and didn't pull up." The witness stated he was first on the accident scene. He observed a fire and removed the occupants with the aid of his companion. The fire was extinguished by another witness who had brought a fire extinguisher from his home. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot-in-command of the accident airplane obtained his private pilot certificate on December 1, 1992. He possessed a Third Class Medical Certificate/Student Pilot Certificate issued on April 30, 1992. The pilot's logbook showed the pilot's last flight prior to the accident flight, was on May 10, 1993. According to the pilot's logbook entries, his first stall lesson took place in a Cessna 150. During the following thirteen month period the pilot received three additional lessons containing stall training. These lessons were in a Piper PA-38-112 Tomahawk. The logbook entries do not identify the type of stalls performed by the pilot during his private pilot certification check ride. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Designated Pilot Examiner's (DEP) Pilot Certification Flight test Form does not reveal what type stalls, if any, were checked by the DPE during the certification flight test. A copy of the pilot's medical certificate application revealed he had paid a fine for DUI (driving under the influence) during 1973. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION According to N4563R's airframe logbook, the last annual inspection was administered on May 5, 1992. At that time the airframe had 3,681.0 hours on it. the tachometer hour recorder showed the airplane had 3,757.7 hours on it at the time of the accident. The airplane was approved for auto fuel use via Experimental Aircraft Association's Auto Fuel STC. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION N4563R's final resting place was located at the north edge of a christmas tree farm field approximately two miles north of Hubbardston, Michigan. The airplane was positioned on an approximate magnetic heading of 190 degrees. The final resting site was approximately 30 feet outside an area of densely populated trees and underbrush. The fuselage and empennage were intact. The fuselage was laying on its right side. The right side of the stabilator was crushed aft of its normal position and bent 90 degrees upward of its normal plane of motion. The left and right wings were separated from the fuselage at the wing root attach points. The left wing was located approximately 20 feet north of the airplane's tail. The right wing had separated into two sections: The outboard one-third of the wing was adjacent to the left wing's tip. The remainder of the right wing was located approximately 20 feet north of the left wing section. Both wings had leading edge indentations with tree bark and wood interwoven with the distorted metal. Fuel caps were found affixed to their wing tank necks. The fuel tanks displayed inward crushing at the leading edges. An examination of the airplane's engine revealed the propeller had separated at the mounting bolts. The propeller mounting bolts displayed shear and necking damage at their points of separation. The bolt holes in the crankshaft hub displayed elongation opposite the plane of rotation. The propeller was found with one blade bent aft approximately 20 degrees at the mid-span position. The second blade displayed tip curing starting at approximately six inches inward from the blade's tip. Chordwise scaring was evident on both propeller blades. One blade displayed leading edge gouges. Tree bark was found in the ground areas. The engine's carburetor, aft section of the engine's underside, and lower firewall area eshibited fire damage. The examination of engine revealed the spark plugs were tan grey in color except for those closest to the ground. These plugs were covered with engine oil. The engine had oil in its crankcase. Engine oil was observed from the engine oil cooler through its oil cooler bypass line when the line was removed. A finger compression test provided evidence of positive compression on all four cylinders. Both magnetos were removed and produced spark when rotated. The gascolator had received fire damage and was devoid of fuel, the screen was unobstructed by debris. The carburetor was fire damaged. The carburetor inlet screen was clear. Fuel was found in the fuel pumps inlet line. When the engine was rotated suction was felt at the fuel pump inlet line attach fitting. The exhaust pipe was separated from the muffler/heat muff. The muffler/heat muff were found intact and did not display cracks or corrosion damage. The fuel selector was observed in the mid-position, rather than "Right" or "Left" position. The flap handle was in the stowed position. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION The pilot's fatal injuries were caused by severe head, neck, and chest trauma according to the autopsy report supplied by the Ionia County Coroner. The results of a blood alcohol test on the pilot revealed he had a 0.09 blood alcohol level. The toxicological tests performed by the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aeromedical Institute revealed the pilot had 52.000 mg/dl ethanol was detected in his blood sample, 2.000 mg/dl acetaldehyde and 81.000 mg/dl was detected in the vitreous fluid. The report stated: "NOTE: The ethanol concentrations found in this case are consistent with the ingestion of ethanol." The passenger's injuries consisted of chest injuries, open knee and ankle fractures, closed head injury, head lacerations, according to medical records provided by the Butterworth Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan. The report states evidence of ETOH ingestion. "ETOH" is an acronym of ethanol according to a hospital representative. The blood alcohol level of the passenger was listed as 231 mg/dl by the hospital. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION During the on-scene investigation the IIC sensed a strong odor, similar to beer, was noted in the airplane's front cockpit area. According to one of the responding Ionia County Sheriff's Office deputies., who was on the scene shortly after the accident, beer cans were found in the cockpit of N4563R and on the ground near the forward fuselage. According to this officer, there was a strong odor of intoxicants around the airplane upon his arrival at the scene. The FAA Pri ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4563R](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4563R-2012-12-10), registration cancelled 2012-12-10, S/N 28-21305, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28-140 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140) (registry code 7102802) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-21305 - Airframe hours: 3757 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-E2D 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Don W Havens & Gary Abshagen - Registered owner: Don W Havens & Gary Abshagen - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 25, 1992, 77 hours before - Destination: RLA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 171 total, 112 in this make and model, 123 as pilot in command, 49 in the last 90 days, 27 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 11 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 13,000 ft broken - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: LAN, 23 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930514013969A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930514013969A), May 14, 1993: Piper PA28140, Hubbardston, MI, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Stalled during low altitude dives and pullups. Beer cans in wreckage. Pilot and passenger had ingested alcohol. ## Other investigations on N4563R (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CHI67D0357](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI67D0357), Oct 25, 1966: Piper PA-28 (N4563R), Logansport, IN, substantial damage - [NTSB CHI66D0563](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI66D0563), Jan 28, 1966: Piper PA-28 (N4563R), Muncie, IN, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.