# NTSB CHI93LA187: Robinson R22, N44227, Sandwich, IL, May 31, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 31, 1993, 17:00 local (22:00 UTC) - Place: Sandwich, IL - Coordinates: 41.640125, -88.620445 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.6401&lon=-88.6204&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed, report August 17, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9214 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI93LA187 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9214/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA187 ## Probable cause THE FIXED-WING STUDENT PILOT'S POOR JUDGEMENT IN ATTEMPTING TO FLY A ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT, AND THE SUBSEQUENT LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT. THE PILOT'S INADEQUATE TRAINING IN ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT WAS A FACTOR. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, taxi - aerial - lift-off - intentional, pilot in command - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - judgment - poor, pilot in command (cause) - inadequate training, pilot in command (contributing factor) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - runway ## Analysis THE FIXED-WING ONLY STUDENT PILOT REPORTED HE WAS RUNNING UP THE ENGINE ON HIS HELICOPTER TO CHECK THE MAGNETOS. HE SAID DURING THE RUN-UP HE FELT A VIBRATION AFTER ENGAGING THE ROTOR BLADES, AND HE DECIDED TO FASTENED HIS SEAT BELT. HE SAID HE LEANED OVER TO CHECK THE MAGNETOS, AND A GUST OF WIND, IN CONJUNCTION WITH A COLLECTIVE THAT CAME OFF THE BOTTOM STOP, ALLOWED THE HELICOPTER TO LIFTOFF. HE SAID HE PUT THE COLLECTIVE DOWN, AND THE HELICOPTER CRASHED. A POLICE OFFICER WHO INTERVIEWED THE STUDENT PILOT SHORTLY AFTER THE ACCIDENT, REPORTED THE STUDENT PILOT TOLD HIM THAT HE WAS DOING SOME HOVER PRACTICE WHEN A STRONG WIND GUST CAUGHT THE HELICOPTER AND HE LOST CONTROL AND CRASHED. THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR WHO FLEW THE HELICOPTER LAST PRIOR TO THE ACCIDENT FLIGHT SAID SHE HAD SECURED THE FRICTION LOCK ON THE COLLECTIVE AFTER HER FLIGHT. THE COLLECTIVE WAS FOUND IN THE FULL UP POSITION AT THE ACCIDENT SITE. A DIAGRAM OF THE ACCIDENT SITE INDICATES THE HELICOPTER WAS AIRBORNE FOR APPROXIMATELY 200 YARDS PRIOR TO IMPACT. ## Factual narrative On May 31, 1993, about 1700 central daylight time, a Robinson R22 helicopter, N44227, sustained substantial damage during takeoff from Woodlake Landing Airport, Sandwich, Illinois. The solo, fixed-wing only student pilot was seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the local flight. The pilot wrote in his report to the NTSB: "As owner of the helicopter, I was informed by the instructor of a possible magneto problem. I went outside to look at the helicopter. I got in and started the engine and checked both left and right mags. I saw no excessive drop. I lowered the RPM. I then engaged the blades to see if that would make a difference. After the blades started turning, there was a vibration, which caused me to buckle the safety belt. I then put my hand on the collective to bring the engine up to the green on the RPM gauge. I took my hand off the collective to lean over to view the gauge and switch magnetos. The next thing I knew a big gust of wind came up and took the helicopter into the air. The collective had obviously come up on its own. I then tried to put the collective down and the helicopter came down on its side and rolled blades first. I then crawled out from the wreckage. There was no intent to fly the machine on my part, just to check magnetos." The student pilot's prior flight experience and solo endorsement was for single engine, fixed-wing airplanes only. The Sandwich Police Department dispatched an officer to the accident site. That officer wrote in his accident report: "Mike Austin stated he took the helicopter up to do some hovering. The helicopter then got caught in some strong winds, and Mike tried to compensate for the winds, but over compensated. The helicopter blade then struck the ground, causing the helicopter to crash." A telephone interview with the instructor who last flew the helicopter, and a written statement from an FAA inspector who also interviewed the instructor, revealed the instructor recalls securing the friction lock tightly on the collective prior to leaving the helicopter. A diagram of the wreckage site (attached) indicates the helicopter crashed approximately 200 yards south of the point of liftoff. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N44227](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N44227-1999-10-28), registration cancelled 1999-10-28, S/N 0189 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: ROBINSON R22 - Registry model: [Robinson Helicopter R22](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r22) (registry code 7640102) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 0189 - Airframe hours: 4548 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360-82C 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Austin, Michael C. - Registered owner: Austin, Michael C. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 28, 1993, 15 hours before - Airport: C48, Woodlake Landing, runway 18, 1,800 × 100 ft, grass/turf ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 34; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 300° at 18 knots - Visibility: 25 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,500 ft broken - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: ARR, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930531015709A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930531015709A), May 31, 1993: Robsin R22, Sandwich, IL, Substantial damage. During engine run warm up inadvertent liftoff reported. Put collective backdown. Crashed. Made unauthorized hover. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.