# NTSB CHI93MA061: Saab-Scania 340A, N342PX, Hibbing, MN, January 3, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Major investigation · Final report - Date: January 2, 1993, 19:42 local (Jan 3, 1993, 01:42 UTC) - Place: Hibbing, MN - Coordinates: 47.399299, -92.93975 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=47.3993&lon=-92.9398&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 31 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 21, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 15773 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI93MA061 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/15773/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93MA061 ## Probable cause THE FIRST OFFICER'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN A PROPER DESCENT RATE DURING THE LANDING, AND THE CAPTAIN'S INADEQUATE SUPERVISION BY NOT TAKING TIMELY ACTION TO ENSURE A SAFE LANDING. FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: THE COMPANY'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE TRAINING ON THE AIRPLANE'S FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS AND/OR HANDLING TECHNIQUES UNDER CONDITIONS OF WING ICE CONTAMINATION, THE COMPANY'S FAILURE TO ASSURE THAT BOTH PILOTS HAD RECEIVED THE CURRENT CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) TRAINING, AND THE EXISTING WEATHER CONDITIONS WHICH RESULTED IN AN ACCUMULATION OF ICE ON THE AIRPLANE'S WING. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - light condition - dark night - weather condition - snow (contributing factor) - weather condition - drizzle/mist (contributing factor) - weather condition - icing conditions (contributing factor) - wing - ice (contributing factor) - anti-ice/deice system - not used - proper descent rate - not maintained, copilot/second pilot (cause) - inadequate training, company/operator management (contributing factor) - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - inadequate training, company/operator management (contributing factor) - Main gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown - landing gear,main gear strut - overload ## Analysis DURING THE APPROACH, THE 1ST OFFICER (FO) ASKED THE CAPT IF HE WANTED TO '...POP THE BOOTS?' TO REMOVE ICE OFF THE WINGS. THE CAPT RESPONDED '...IT'S GOING TO THE HANGAR. I'LL RUN'EM ON THE GROUND...' THE FO RETARDED POWER OVER THE THRESHOLD & THE SINK RATE INCREASED; THE CAPT OBSERVED 900 FPM. THE FO APPLIED ADDITIONAL BACK PRESSURE ON THE YOKE, BUT IT WAS INADEQUATE TO ARREST THE HIGH SINK RATE. ADDITIONAL BACK PRESSURE WAS APPLIED, AND THE STALL HORN SOUNDED FOLLOWED SHORTLY THEREAFTER BY THE CAPT STATING 'I GOT IT.' DURING THE HARD LANDING THE RIGHT MAIN LANDING GEAR BROKE, THE FUEL TANK RUPTURED, AND THE RIGHT WING REAR SPAR BENT UPWARD. APRX 18 HRS AFTER THE ACCIDENT, 3/16 INCH OF RIME MIXED WITH CLEAR ICE WAS OBSERVED ON THE LEADING EDGES OF THE WING, HORIZ STAB, AND VERT STAB. THE ICE HAD FINGER-LIKE PROTRUSIONS POSITIONED VERTICALLY TO THE WING SURFACES. THE COMPANY'S LINE OPS MANUAL DOES NOT DISCUSS FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OR LANDING TECHNIQUES SPECIFIC TO WING ICE. NEITHER PILOT HAD RECEIVED COMPANY'S CURRENT CRM TRAINING. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N342PX](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N342PX-2002-01-17), registration cancelled 2002-01-17, S/N 340A-147, built 1989 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Saab-Scania AB (Saab) 340A - Registry model: [Saab-Scania SF340A](https://openairdocs.org/model/saab-scania-sf340a) (registry code 7860100) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [GE CT7-SER series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/ge-ct7-ser-series) (registry code 30031, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 340A-147 - Engines: GE CT-7 1735 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 135 - Operator: Express I, doing business as Northwest Airlink - Registered owner: State Bank And Trust Company - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport - Last inspection: AAIP, January 2, 2000 - Departed: MSP, MINNEAPOLIS, MN - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: HIB, Hibbing-Chisholm, runway 31, 6,758 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 30; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 6,500 total, 2,800 in this make and model, 195 in the last 90 days, 75 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/dark - Wind: 170° at 10 knots, gusting 18 - Visibility: 1 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 500 ft - Temperature: 19 °F, dew point 18 °F - Altimeter: 28.00 inHg - Observed at: HIB, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930102000019A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930102000019A), Jan 2, 1993: Saab SF340A, Hibbing, MN, Substantial damage. Accumulated heavy icing on approach did not use deice. High sink on final. Hard landing exceeded design loads. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.