# NTSB CHI94FA222: Beech A36, N107JT, Wichita, KS, July 7, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: July 7, 1994, 08:30 local (13:30 UTC) - Place: Wichita, KS - Coordinates: 37.700126, -97.279006 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.7001&lon=-97.2790&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 4 fatal, 1 serious - Status: Completed, report October 13, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9382 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI94FA222 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9382/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94FA222 ## Probable cause the pilot's attempt to take off into known adverse weather and the subsequent stall. Factors were the thunderstorm, the tailwind, and the excessive airplane gross weight and aft center of gravity. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - weather condition - thunderstorm,outflow (contributing factor) - weather condition - tailwind (contributing factor) - aircraft weight and balance - exceeded, pilot in command (contributing factor) - flight into known adverse weather - attempted, pilot in command (cause) - stall/mush - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis WITNESSES REPORTED THE AIRCRAFT DEPARTED ON RUNWAY 18 AT THE SAME TIME A STRONG NORTHERLY GUST FRONT ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT. REFLECTIVITY PLOTS RECORDED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FACILITY IN WICHITA, KANSAS, SHOW A LEVEL 6 THUNDERSTORM WAS ADJACENT TO THE AIRPORT AT THE TIME OF THE ACCIDENT WITH AN ABRUPT WIND SHIFT AND GUSTS TO 58 KNOTS. ONE WITNESS SAID THE AIRPLANE NOSE PITCHED UP AND THE LEFT WING DROPPED AS IF THE AIRPLANE WAS GOING TO ENTER A SPIN. HE SAID THE ENGINE SOUNDED LIKE IT WAS PRODUCING FULL POWER. EXAMINATION OF THE WRECKAGE DISCLOSED NO EVIDENCE OF PREIMPACT MECHANICAL MALFUNCTION. THE WEIGHT OF THE AIRPLANE WAS 183 POUNDS IN EXCESS OF THE MAXIMUM TAKEOFF WEIGHT AND THE CENTER OF GRAVITY WAS AFT OF THE LIMIT SPECIFIED IN THE PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK FOR THE MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 7, 1994, at 0830 central daylight time, a Beech BE-A36, N107JT, was destroyed during takeoff at the Colonel James Jabara Airport in Wichita, Kansas. The private pilot and three passengers sustained fatal injuries. The sole surviving passenger sustained serious injuries. The personal flight was conducted under 14 CFR Part 91 in instrument meteorological conditions. An IFR flight plan was filed to Colorado Springs, Colorado. According to a friend of the pilot, the purpose of the flight was to travel to a camping vacation at the Rocky Mountain National Park. The pilot telephoned the Wichita Flight Service Station (FSS) at 0537. He requested "information for an IFR flight." The briefer advised the pilot of "a severe thunderstorm watch" north of his route, a "pretty severe line of thunderstorm activity", and a convective sigmet. The briefer stated "looks like you should be able to slide around the southern edge uh south of the Dodge City area to get around that area." The pilot filed an IFR flight plan, proposing a departure time of 0900. At 0830 several employees of Midwest Corporate Aviation, a fixed base operator (FBO) at the Jabara Airport, were working on the ramp securing aircraft in preparation for a severe thunderstorm which was approaching the airport from the northwest. One lineman reported he was watching the accident airplane because he could not believe anyone would try to takeoff in such severe weather. Several employees of Lifewatch, a local air ambulance service, witnessed the accident from the south end of the ramp. They reported the aircraft took off on runway 18 at the same time a strong northerly gust front arrived at the airport. Witnesses said the aircraft reached a maximum altitude of 50 to 75 feet and was pitching and banking severely. One witness, a Lifewatch pilot, said the nose pitched up and the left wing dropped as if the airplane was going to enter a spin. He said the engine sounded like it was producing full power. The aircraft descended without spinning. He did not actually see the airplane impact the terrain, but it appeared the left wing would hit first as it descended below his line of sight. PERSONNEL INFORMATION A friend reported that the pilot "actively attended aviation safety seminars." Mr. Cliff Soner of The American Bonanza Society, Wichita, Kansas, reported that the pilot attended at least one of their weekend seminars. The curriculum included a chapter on weather hazards and a section on thunderstorms. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION Reflectivity plots recorded by the National Weather Service facility in Wichita, Kansas, at 0831 show a level 6 thunderstorm was adjacent to the Jabara Airport. Several witnesses on the ground stated the sky was extremely dark and it was apparent to them that a severe thunderstorm was en route. Doppler plots were measured at a .5 degree elevation from the radar site at the Wichita, Mid-Continent Airport. This inclination provides the wind magnitude in the vicinity of the Jabara Airport, 12 miles away, at an altitude of about 500 feet. The doppler plots show changes in wind magnitude of 90 knots within a few miles of the Jabara Airport. At 0750, the weather reporting facility on the Jabara Airport measured the winds from 120 degrees at 14 knots. At 0835, a few minutes after the accident, the winds were measured from 320 degrees at 51 gusting to 58 knots. Two independent weather observation facilities, located at schools near the airport, reported the magnitude of the gust front was 63 knots. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The NTSB on scene investigation began about 1600 on July 7, 1994. The first ground scar was approximately 1000 feet from the south end of runway 18 on a bearing of 140 degrees. The terrain was flat and grassy. The wreckage path followed a magnetic course of 145 degrees. Fragments of red wing tip lens were discovered in the first ground scar. 57 feet further, three propeller slashes were adjacent to the main impact crater. Next were the propeller, left wing, nose landing gear, and sections of the firewall area. A swath of oil extended from the main impact crater to the engine, 292 feet from the first ground scar. The main wreckage was located at 310 feet from the first ground scar, oriented on a heading of 360 degrees. A piece of the engine cowling, papers, and debris were scattered for 600 feet to the south into a field of tall grass. Assorted items of camping equipment were scattered near the main wreckage. Each item was inventoried and weighed as it was removed. The tabulated weight was 299 pounds. An additional 25 pounds of miscellaneous items were discovered later. The left wing was fractured from the fuselage near the root. The wing tip was crushed upward at an angle corresponding to 42 degrees of bank and 5 degrees nose down pitch. The right wing tip leading edge was crushed aft. The flaps were in the up position and the landing gear bellcrank was in the down position. The fuselage, forward of the wing spar, was fragmented. The aft cabin area was intact with the right side torn open. The aft fuselage and empennage were twisted and compressed. Examination of control continuity revealed no anomalies. The elevator trim tab position was measured at 8 to 9 degrees tab down. The fuel selector was in the left tank feed position. The left fuel tank was ruptured. The fuel line from the right tank was fractured and leaking fuel. 15 gallons of clear blue fuel were drained from the right tank. The propeller exhibited severe torsional bending and chordwise scratching. Charred grass was found under a fractured section of the exhaust manifold. The engine was completely separated from the engine mount. The crankshaft was sheared near the flange. Subsequent engine and propeller examination revealed no evidence of preimpact malfunction. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION The autopsy of the pilot was conducted July 7, 1994, by the Sedgwick County Coroner, Wichita, Kansas. The results of FAA toxicological testing of specimens from the pilot were negative for all tests conducted except for pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and salicylate. SURVIVAL ASPECTS The surviving passenger was a seven year old male, seated in seat 3B. A flight paramedic, one of the first rescuers at the scene, said he arrived at the accident site about three minutes after the accident occurred. He said the boy was thrown clear of the airplane and was lying on the ground, several feet from the open fuselage. The other two passengers in the aft section of the cabin were wearing seat belts. During an interview, a trauma nurse at the receiving hospital said the boy had two broken legs from a suitcase which was flailing in the aft cabin area. She said he had no abdominal bruising or seat belt injuries. TESTS AND RESEARCH The first two slash marks in the wreckage path were measured 25 inches apart. A nominal engine speed of 2600 rpm indicates the ground speed of the airplane was about 106 knots when the propeller impacted the terrain. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Airport fuel records show the accident airplane was serviced with full fuel the night of July 6. Airport activity logs show no record of the airplane operating until the accident flight. The co-owner of the airplane stated he did not believe the airplane was operated in the interim. Current weight and balance data, according to the co-owner, was dated August 11, 1993, and was conducted by Peace Aircraft Services, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado. The maximum weight for takeoff specified in the pilot operating handbook is 3,600 pounds. The aft center of gravity limit, at the maximum gross weight is 87.7 inches. Weight Arm Moment Basic Operating Weight 2347 78.8 1849.512 Pilot 203 79.2 160.776 ## Aircraft - Registration: [N107JT](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N107JT-2003-04-30), registration cancelled 2003-04-30, S/N E-841, built 1976 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: BEECH A36 - Registry model: [Beech A36](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-a36) (registry code 1151604) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: E-841 - Airframe hours: 2382 - Engines: CONTINENTAL IO-520-BA 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: C & H Aviation Services - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, August 8, 1993, 100 hours before - Departed: 3KM - Destination: COS, COLORADO SPRING, CO - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: 3KM, Colonel James Jabara, runway 18, 6,100 × 100 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,194 total, 985 in this make and model, 15 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 51 knots, gusting 58 - Visibility: 2 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 500 ft overcast - Temperature: 66 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: 3KM ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940707017739A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940707017739A), Jul 7, 1994: Beech A36, Wichita, KS, Destroyed, 4 fatal. Tried takeoff as thunderstorm gust front arrived. Lost control. Severe windshear. Over gross. Weather sigmets issued From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.