# NTSB CHI94LA200: Cessna 152, N69227, Springfield, MO, June 15, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 14, 1994, 21:36 local (Jun 15, 1994, 02:36 UTC) - Place: Springfield, MO - Location: 37.2723° N, 93.3744° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs from NTSB’s distance and direction from SPRINGFIELD-BRANSON NTL (SGF), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.2723&lon=-93.3744&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 18, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9569 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI94LA200 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9569/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA200 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO REFUEL PRIOR TO FUEL EXHAUSTION. THE LACK OF SUITABLE TERRAIN AVAILABLE FOR THE FORCED LANDING IS A RELATED FACTOR. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - light condition - dusk (contributing factor) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - refueling - not performed, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, descent - emergency - object - tree(s) - object - none suitable - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis THE PILOT REPORTED THE PLEASURE FLIGHT DEPARTED MAPLE LAKE, MINNESOTA, BOUND FOR LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS, WITH EN ROUTE FUEL STOPS PLANNED. HE STATED THEY ENCOUNTERED TURBULENCE AND STRONG, GUSTY HEADWINDS DURING THE FIRST TWO LEGS OF THE TRIP, BUT THE CONDITIONS HAD MODERATED FOR THE THIRD LEG. THEY DEPARTED ON THE THIRD LEG ABOUT 1740, INTENDING TO REFUEL AT SPRINGFIELD, MISSOURI (SGF). THE PILOT REPORTED WHEN THE SGF APPROACH CONTROLLER ADVISED THEY WERE 32 MILES FROM THE AIRPORT, HE BECAME CONCERNED ABOUT FUEL SUPPLY. HE STATED WHEN THEY WERE WITHIN A FEW MILES OF THE AIRPORT, HE NOTICED THE RIGHT FUEL TANK QUANTITY GAUGE INDICATED EMPTY, WHILE THE LEFT FUEL TANK QUANTITY GAUGE SHOWED APPROXIMATELY 1/8 OF A TANK. HE REPORTED A FEW SECONDS LATER THE ENGINE SPUTTERED ONCE, THEN QUIT COMPLETELY. THE AIRPLANE IMPACTED TREES, AND FELL TO THE GROUND. THE PILOT STATED THERE WAS NO MECHANICAL MALFUNCTION, THE POWER LOSS WAS DUE TO FUEL EXHAUSTION. INVESTIGATION REVEALED THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF USABLE FUEL IN THE AIRPLANE. ## Factual narrative On June 14, 1994, about 2136 central daylight time (cdt), a Cessna 152, N69227, registered to M and S Aircraft Corp. of Annandale, Minnesota, and operated by a private pilot, impacted trees following a loss of engine power while on final approach to Springfield Regional Airport (SGF) in Springfield, Missouri. The airplane sustained substantial damage. The pilot and one passenger reported no injuries. The personal 14 CFR Part 91 flight was operating in visual meteorological conditions. A VFR flight plan was on file. The personal flight departed Chariton, Iowa at 1740. The pilot reported they departed Maple Lake, Minnesota approximately 1100 with an intended destination of Little Rock, Arkansas. He stated they stopped for fuel at Forest City, Iowa, Chariton, Iowa, and planned to refuel at SGF before proceeding to their final destination. The pilot reported they encountered strong, gusty headwinds and turbulence during the first two legs of the trip. He stated during the third leg the headwinds had moderated, and flight conditions were "...noticeably better than earlier in the day." The pilot reported as evening approached, a haze developed. He stated he saw a small city which he believed to be Springfield, Missouri. He contacted SGF Approach Control and they radar identified the airplane approximately 32 miles northeast of SGF. The pilot stated: "This was the first point at which I became concerned about fuel supply." He stated he considered two alternate (closer) airports, but was unable to locate them in the dusky/hazy conditions. He elected to continue to SGF. The pilot reported they were about 2 miles from the airport when he checked the fuel gauges and saw "...the right tank showed empty, but the left tank still showed approximately 1/8 of a tank. Very shortly after that, the engine sputtered once and then quit completely. I...set up best glide speed...I could see there were trees ahead of me... ." The airplane struck the trees and fell to the ground, coming to rest on its wheels. The pilot estimated approximately 60 seconds passed between the loss of engine power and ground impact. He stated there was no mechanical malfunction, and he felt the power loss was "...likely due to fuel exhaustion." Postaccident examination revealed no evidence of usable fuel in the airplane. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N69227](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N69227-2014-11-13), registration cancelled 2014-11-13, S/N 15282572, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 152 - Registry model: [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152) (registry code 2071835) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15282572 - Engines: LYCOMING O-235-L2C 108 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Wright Aero, Inc. - Registered owner: M & S Aircraft - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility - Departed: CNC, CHARITON, IA - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: SGF, Springfield Regional ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 34; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 125 total, 96 in this make and model, 105 as pilot in command, 23 in the last 90 days, 21 in the last 30 days, 10 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: 180° at 10 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: SGF, 2 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940614015339A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940614015339A), Jun 14, 1994: Cessna 152, Springfield, MO, Substantial damage. Ran out of fuel approaching airport. Landed in trees. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.