# NTSB CHI94LA220: Cessna 182E, N901JM, Garden City, KS, July 2, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 1, 1994, 22:40 local (Jul 2, 1994, 03:40 UTC) - Place: Garden City, KS - Coordinates: 37.970771, -100.859375 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.9708&lon=-100.8594&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report February 14, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9585 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI94LA220 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9585/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA220 ## Probable cause fuel exhaustion for reason or reasons undetermined. A factor was the rough/uneven terrain. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, approach - vfr pattern - downwind - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - reason for occurrence undetermined (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - flare/touchdown - terrain condition - rough/uneven (contributing factor) ## Analysis THE PILOT STATED THAT HE DEPARTED LAWRENCE, KANSAS, AT 1950 CENTRAL DAYLIGHT TIME WITH THE INTENDED DESTINATION OF LAMAR, COLORADO. EN ROUTE HE ELECTED TO LAND AT GARDEN CITY, KANSAS, TO REFUEL. WHILE ATTEMPTING TO LAND AT GARDEN CITY, THE AIRPLANE SUFFERED A TOTAL LOSS OF ENGINE POWER AT APPROXIMATELY 2235, ACCORDING TO THE PILOT. THE PILOT PERFORMED A FORCED LANDING IN A CROP FIELD, WHERE ON LANDING THE AIRPLANE IMPACTED THE ROUGH/UNEVEN TERRAIN. SUBSEQUENT EXAMINATION OF THE AIRPLANE REVEALED ONLY UNUSABLE FUEL REMAINING IN THE TANKS. ## Factual narrative On July 1, 1994, at 2240 central daylight time, a Cessna 182E, N901JM, registered to Larry G. Howes of Superior, Colorado, and piloted by a commercial pilot, impacted the terrain while attempting to land at Garden City Municipal Airport, Garden City, Kansas. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and an instrument flight plan was filed. The personal flight was operated under 14 CFR part 91. The aircraft sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported minor injuries. The flight originated from Lawrence, Kansas, at approximately 1950, with the intended destination of Lamar, Colorado. En route to Lamar County the pilot-in-command decided to stop at Garden City Municipal Airport to refuel. According to the pilot's statement the engine quit at approximately 2235. He stated that he attempted to restart the engine, but was unable to do so. He decided to land in a furrowed wheat field approximately four miles northeast of Garden City Municipal Airport. During the landing the airplane impacted rough terrain. A subsequent examination of the airplane revealed only unusable fuel remaining in the tank. There were no leaks in the fuel system observed at the scene of the accident. The pilot supplied fuel receipts indicating fuel purchased en route. He was unable to speculate as to why the airplane suffered fuel exhaustion. He said that the loss of engine power came as a surprise to him. He stated the stop for fuel was being made, not because he felt an immediate need for fuel, but that he would be unable to obtain fuel on arrival at his final destination due to the late hour. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N901JM](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N901JM), registered now, S/N 18253901, built 1962 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182E - Registry model: [Cessna 182E](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182e) (registry code 2072712) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18253901 - Airframe hours: 2539 - Engines: CONTINENTAL O-470-R 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Howes, Larry G. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 10, 1993, 219 hours before - Departed: LWC, LAWRENCE, KS - Destination: LAA, LAMAR, CO ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 24; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 299 total, 172 in this make and model, 254 as pilot in command, 82 in the last 90 days, 30 in the last 30 days, 9 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 170° at 15 knots - Visibility: 20 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 25,000 ft broken - Temperature: 82 °F, dew point 52 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: GCK ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940701019409A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940701019409A), Jul 1, 1994: Cessna 182E, Garden City, KS, Substantial damage. Ran out of fuel approaching a fuel stop airport. Apparently taken by surpise due to incorrect fuel planning. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.