# NTSB CHI94LA236: Cessna 175, N7101M, Cottage Hill, IL, July 22, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 21, 1994, 21:03 local (Jul 22, 1994, 02:03 UTC) - Place: Cottage Hill, IL - Coordinates: 38.910072, -90.079101 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.9101&lon=-90.0791&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 1 minor; on the ground: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report February 24, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9600 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI94LA236 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9600/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA236 ## Probable cause the pilot inadequate preflight planning/preparation and his inaccurate fuel consumption calculations. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, cruise - preflight planning/preparation - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - fluid,fuel - exhaustion - fuel consumption calculations - inaccurate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, descent - emergency - object - residence ## Analysis THE PILOT STATED THAT HE THOUGHT HE HAD ADEQUATE FUEL FOR THE INTENDED FLIGHT, BUT SAID THAT ALTHOUGH HE DID VISUALLY CHECK THE FUEL TANKS PRIOR TO THE DEPARTURE ON THE ACCIDENT FLIGHT, HE DID NOT KNOW HOW MUCH FUEL WAS ON BOARD THE AIRPLANE. HE SAID THAT HE DID NOT ATTEMPT TO USE THE FUEL GAGES IN THE AIRPLANE, BUT RELIED ON THE USE OF A STOPWATCH TO DETERMINE REMAINING FUEL. THE AIRPLANE SUSTAINED A TOTAL LOSS OF ENGINE POWER AND A FORCED LANDING ENSUED. THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH A RESIDENCE DURING THE FORCED LANDING AND ONE OF THE OCCUPANTS OF THE HOUSE SUSTAINED MINOR INJURIES. FOUR OTHERS IN THE HOME WERE NOT INJURED. AN INSPECTION OF THE AIRPLANE SUBSEQUENT TO THE ACCIDENT REVEALED ONLY UNUSABLE FUEL REMAINED IN THE FUEL TANKS. ## Factual narrative On July 20, 1994, at 2103 central daylight time, a Cessna 175, N7101M, registered to Joaquin Merino of Pawnee, Illinois, and operated by a private pilot, experienced a total loss of engine power. During the forced landing, the airplane impacted a residence. The airplane sustained substantial damage. The pilot received serious injuries. One occupant of the residence received minor injuries, four others in the residence reported no injuries. The personal 14 CFR Part 91 flight was operating in visual meteorological conditions. No flight plan was on file. The flight departed Rockford, Illinois, at 1900. This report is prepared from a written statement from the pilot and a personal interview recorded by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector. The pilot stated that he had fueled the airplane prior to his departure from the Nichols Airport at Granite City, Illinois, for the flight to Rockford, Illinois. While he was unable to state exactly the amount of fuel on board the airplane on departure from Rockford, he stated that he paid for 10 gallons of fuel to be added to the tanks. A check with the FBO at Rockford produced a fuel ticket dated July 20, 1994, at 1630, indicating 10 gallons of fuel charged to N7101M. The pilot stated that he looked in the fuel tanks prior to departure from Rockford, but he could not tell exactly how much fuel was on board at that time. The pilot's estimation of the endurance of the airplane with full tanks was 4 hours 0 minutes. He indicated that he did not use the fuel gages to determine the fuel quantity remaining in the airplane, but relied on a stopwatch. He stated that the flight to Rockford had taken 2 hours and 10 minutes. He said that the duration of the return flight was 1 hour and 50 minutes until fuel exhaustion. The pilot stated that his intention was to return to Nichols Airport, but that he diverted to land at Saint Louis Regional Airport when the airplane began to lose power due to fuel exhaustion. He stated that he felt that there should have been about one hour endurance at that time. An examination of the airplane at the accident scene revealed that the fuel system was intact, that there appeared to be no loss of fuel at the scene, and there were no fuel stains on the airplane. The fuel tanks were drained and found to contain only unusable fuel at the accident location. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7101M](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7101M-2013-06-05), registration cancelled 2013-06-05, S/N 55401, built 1958 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 175 - Registry model: [Cessna 175](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-175) (registry code 2072502) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental GO-300 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-go-300-series) (registry code 17024, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 55401 - Engines: CONTINENTAL GO-300-A 175 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Merino, Joaquin - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 6, 1993 - Departed: RFD, ROCKFORD, IL - Destination: CPS, SAINT LOUIS, MO - Airport: ALN, St Louis Regional, runway 11, 8,101 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 37; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, expired; seat: left; flight hours: 1,200 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 360° at 4 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 11,000 ft overcast - Temperature: 72 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: ALN, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940721019639A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940721019639A), Jul 21, 1994: Cessna 175, Alton/St Louis, IL, Substantial damage. Lost power en route. Failed visual fuel check at departure. Used stop watch. Struck residence. Fuel tanks empty. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.