# NTSB CHI95LA166: Piper PA-28-161, N8447T, Valparaiso, IN, June 3, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 2, 1995, 23:00 local (Jun 3, 1995, 04:00 UTC) - Place: Valparaiso, IN - Coordinates: 41.469539, -87.049301 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.4695&lon=-87.0493&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 3 serious - Status: Completed, report January 29, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9898 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI95LA166 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9898/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA166 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S IMPROPER EXECUTION OF THE ILS APPROACH. FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE THE FOG AND THE PILOT'S LACK OF TOTAL FLIGHT TIME IN ACTUAL INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with terrain/water, approach - faf/outer marker to threshold (ifr) - weather condition - fog (contributing factor) - ifr procedure - improper, pilot in command (cause) - lack of total instrument time, pilot in command (contributing factor) ## Analysis THE PILOT STATED HE DID NOT SEE ANY RUNWAY LIGHTS DURING THE FIRST ILS TO RWY 27 BECAUSE OF FOG, SO HE MADE A MISSED APPROACH. DURING THE SECOND APPROACH, THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH THE TERRAIN. THE LAST THING THE PILOT REMEMBERS IS STARTING TO SEE LIGHTS UPON REACHING THE OUTER MARKER DURING THE SECOND APPROACH. THE AIRPORT IS LOCATED NEAR A WELL LIGHTED POWER PLANT STATION. THE PILOT REPORTED HAVING 10 HOURS OF ACTUAL INSTRUMENT FLIGHT TIME. ## Factual narrative On June 2, 1995, at 2300 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-28- 161, N8447T, registered to Thunderbird Aircraft Company and flown by a private instrument rated pilot collided with the terrain during an ILS approach at the Porter County Airport, Valparaiso, Indiana, while on a personal flight. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed and an IFR flight plan was filed. The airplane was destroyed. The pilot and two passengers were seriously injured. The flight originated from Eden Prairie, Minnesota, at 1839 cdt. The pilot stated he received a weather briefing prior to takeoff. He stated he was told there was a chance of light showers in lower Wisconsin and upper Illinois but that his destination of Valparaiso was forecast to be VFR. The pilot stated that in the vicinity of Valparaiso, at an altitude of 5,000 feet mean sea level (msl) the weather was good, but he could not see the ground. He stated that he encountered thick fog while on the ILS 27 approach so he made the missed approach. He stated that during the second approach he saw the "lights" at the same time he reached the outer marker. He stated he does not remember what happened after that point. The right front seat passenger stated they could not see any lights during the first approach. While turning for the second approach, they started seeing lights, then the accident occurred. According to the Porter County Sheriff's Report, the airplane was flying to the east and traveled over a "well lighted NIPSCO power plant" prior to reaching the field in which it crashed. It is unknown if the lights the pilot and passenger saw were the runway lights or the lights from the power plant. The pilot received a weather briefing from the Princeton Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS) just prior to the flight. The pilot was informed that near the Illinois/Wisconsin border the weather would begin to deteriorate with light rain and fog in certain areas. The briefer stated that Gary, Indiana, (23 miles northwest of Valparaiso) was reporting two miles visibility with fog. Upon contacting South Bend Approach control, the controller issued the South Bend (40 miles northeast of Valparaiso) weather to the pilot as "indefinite ceiling one hundred sky obscured visibility is one sixteenth with fog... ." The controller informed the pilot that there was not a weather reporting station at Valparaiso. The pilot reported he had 10 hours of actual instrument flight time prior to the accident. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8447T](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N8447T-1997-08-25), registration cancelled 1997-08-25, S/N 288216025 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28-161 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-161](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-161) (registry code 7102803) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-8216025 - Airframe hours: 5377 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-D3G 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Thunderbird Aircraft Company - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, May 3, 1995, 42 hours before - Departed: FCM, MINNEAPOLIS, MN - Destination: VPZ - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: VPZ, Porter County Municipal ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 27; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, unknown; seat: left; flight hours: 180 total, 40 in this make and model, 160 as pilot in command, 30 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night/dark - Wind: 330° at 4 knots - Visibility: 0.6 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 100 ft - Temperature: 61 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: SBN, 40 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19950602022569A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19950602022569A), Jun 2, 1995: Piper PA28161, Valparaiso, IN, Destroyed. Impacted ground on below minima approach. Saw lights tried land and lost it. Pilot had only 10 hrs actual IFR. (-23) see narrative #CHI95LA166 From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.