# NTSB CHI95LA341: Swearingen SA-226TC, N169GA, South Bend, IN, September 17, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 16, 1995, 20:20 local (Sep 17, 1995, 01:20 UTC) - Place: South Bend, IN - Location: 41.7082° N, 86.3173° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs at SOUTH BEND INTL (SBN), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.7082&lon=-86.3173&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 18, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 10048 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI95LA341 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/10048/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA341 ## Probable cause the Pilot-in-Command's inadequate supervision of the flight and failure to assure that proper airspeed, rate of climb, and clearance from trees were obtained/maintained. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with object, takeoff - emergency procedure - simulated, pilot in command - supervision - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - airspeed - not obtained/maintained, pilot in command (cause) - proper climb rate - not obtained/maintained, pilot in command (cause) - object - tree(s) - altitude/clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis DURING A REPOSITIONING FLIGHT, THE PILOT-IN-COMMAND (PIC) WAS CONDUCTING ENGINE OUT TRAINING WITH THE COPILOT. THE PIC SIMULATED A RIGHT ENGINE FAILURE DURING INITIAL CLIMBOUT AFTER TAKEOFF APPROXIMATELY 300 FEET ABOVE GROUND LEVEL. THE AIRSPEED AND ALTITUDE STARTED TO DECAY. THE PIC SAID HE FIXATED ON AIRSPEED AND TERMINATED TRAINING AS AIRSPEED NEARED SINGLE ENGINE BEST ANGLE OF CLIMB AIRSPEED (VXSE). THE AIRPLANE STRUCK TREES NEAR THE DEPARTURE END OF THE RUNWAY AS POWER WAS APPLIED ON BOTH ENGINES, BUT THE AIRPLANE CONTINUED TO FLY AND WAS LANDED BACK AT THE AIRPORT. THE PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK STATED UNDER A CAUTION THAT MINIMUM ALTITUDE FOR OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SHOULD BE MAINTAINED UNTIL SINGLE ENGINE BEST RATE OF CLIMB AIRSPEED (VYSE) IS ATTAINED. AT 11,500 POUNDS GROSS WEIGHT, THE SINGLE ENGINE CLIMB RATE SHOULD BEEN A POSITIVE 700 FEET PER MINUTE. ## Factual narrative On September 16, 1995, at 2020 central daylight time (cdt), a Swearingen SA-226TC, N169GA, operated by Grand Aire Express, Inc., of Monroe, Michigan, received substantial damage after takeoff when it struck trees off the departure end of runway 27L at Michiana Regional Airport, South Bend, Indiana. The pilot-in- command (PIC) and Copilot reported no injuries. The positioning 14 CFR Part 91 flight was operating in visual meteorological conditions. An IFR flight plan was filed. The flight originated from South Bend, Indiana, at 2020 cdt. During the repositioning flight, the PIC briefed they would be conducting training with the newly designated captain (co-pilot) on departure. At approximately 300 feet above ground level, the PIC retarded the right engine power lever to simulate an engine failure. The co-pilot commenced the emergency procedures as prescribed in the aircraft flight manual. The airplane began losing altitude and airspeed near single engine best angle of climb airspeed (Vxse). The PIC said that he became fixated on airspeed and did not notice anything else. The PIC terminated the training at the same time the airplane struck the trees near the departure end of the runway. The airplane landed back at South Bend Airport without any handling problems. Post flight inspection revealed extensive damage to both wing leading edges, wing ribs, engine inlets, engines, and to both propellers. Tree pieces were found in the oil cooler, and the compressor inlet. The Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) states a caution under the emergency procedures for a engine failure during takeoff-takeoff continued at or above takeoff decision speed (V1), which states "...Minimum altitude for obstacle clearance should be maintained until single engine best rate of climb speed is attained...." A note also followed the caution statement which stated, "...Failure of either engine at or shortly above V1 will cause a marked decrease in performance and will require careful control of the airplane...When operating in high density altitude conditions with loss of an engine, precise control of pitch attitude and altitude become dominant. The pilot must use care to ensure positive clearance above the runway before retracting the landing gear and while accelerating to takeoff speed at 50 foot height (V50) or single engine best rate of climb (Vyse)...". At 11,500 pounds gross weight, the single engine climb rate should have been a positive 700 feet per minute. ## Aircraft - Registration: N169GA (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: Swearingen SA-226TC - Category: Airplane - Serial number: TC-376 - Airframe hours: 23275 - Engines: Garrett TPE-331-10-UA 840 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Operator: Grand Aire Express, doing business as Grand Aire Express - Registered owner: Czar, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, September 1, 1995, 18 hours before - Departed: SBN - Destination: 5FP, PANAMA CITY, FL - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: SBN, South Bend Regional, runway 27L, 7,099 × 150 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 28; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 6,000 total, 400 in this make and model, 5,700 as pilot in command, 75 in the last 90 days, 35 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: 210° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 73 °F, dew point 57 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: SBN ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19950917029729A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19950917029729A), Sep 17, 1995: Swrngn SA226TC, South Bend, IN, Substantial damage. Narrative: on September 16, 1995 at 2010 EST, a swearingen metroliner model SA-226-TC struck some trees on the departure end of runway 27L at South Bend, IN… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.