# NTSB CHI96FA353: Cessna 195, N195WR, Greenville, MO, September 26, 1996 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: September 26, 1996, 11:30 local (16:30 UTC) - Place: Greenville, MO - Coordinates: 37.119796, -90.440681 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.1198&lon=-90.4407&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 4 fatal - Status: Completed, report March 31, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 10112 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI96FA353 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/10112/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI96FA353 ## Probable cause the pilot's decision to fly into known adverse weather which resulted in an overload failure and separation of the left wing. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, cruise - weather condition - thunderstorm (cause) - flight into known adverse weather - attempted, pilot in command (cause) - wing,spar - overload (cause) - wing,spar - separation - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis The pilot had telephoned the Jonesboro FSS and was advised by the briefer 'moderate turbulence... icing... visibilities one to two with thunderstorms and rain.... VFR flight is not recommended.' The pilot reported 'I'm gonna file that way and then I'll go just as close as I can get and when it gets bad I'll just shut it down.' Instrument meteorological conditions, severe rain, and thunderstorms were reported by witnesses in the vicinity of the accident site. Several people reported that they heard the sound of the airplane flying overhead at 'a low altitude.' No eyewitnesses were located. The outboard nine feet of the left wing was located approximately 1/4 mile from the main wreckage. Examination of the wing spar fragments and a section of the wing from the vicinity of the left wing fracture revealed 'features typical of overstress separations. Deformation associated with the fracture in the upper and lower spar caps was indicative of a bending overstress separation in the downward direction. No fatigue cracking or other types of progressive deterioration was noted.' Examination of the wreckage revealed no other evidence of preimpact malfunction. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On September 26, 1996, about 1130 central daylight time (cdt), a Cessna 195, N195WR, was destroyed when it impacted terrain following an in-flight breakup near Greenville, Missouri. The private rated pilot and three passengers sustained fatal injury. The personal, 14 CFR Part 91 flight originated in West Memphis, Arkansas, about 1035, with a planned destination of Creve Coeur, Missouri. Instrument meteorological conditions, severe rain, and thunderstorms were reported by witnesses in the vicinity of the accident site. A VFR flight plan was filed. In a written statement, an Air Traffic Controller from the Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Center reported "N195WR checked in on frequency with not very good radios. Once communications were established, I advised him of the general conditions in the area of his destination. He advised that he was going to proceed north as far as he could and then stop." Another controller reported "I attempted a hand-off on N195WR to Kansas City Center. At approximately the same time, I lost radar and radio with the aircraft." According to the Wayne County Sheriff, several people in the vicinity of the accident site reported that they heard the sound of an airplane flying overhead at "a low altitude." No eyewitnesses were located. The main wreckage was discovered on September 27, 1996, about 1330. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The pilot telephoned the Jonesboro Flight Service Station (FSS) at 1013 cdt. He reported that he landed in West Memphis and requested cancellation of his flight plan. He requested weather for a flight from West Memphis to Creve Coeur, Missouri. The briefer advised the pilot of "moderate turbulence... icing... visibilities one to two with thunderstorms and rain." The briefer advised "VFR flight is not recommended." The pilot reported "I'm gonna file that way and then I'll go just as close as I can get and when it gets bad I'll just shut it down." WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The accident site was examined by an FAA inspector on September 27, 1996. The main wreckage was located in a wooded river valley at 37 degrees, 04.86 minutes north and 90 degrees, 27.13 minutes west in a wooded river valley. The left aileron was located about 500 yards northeast of the main wreckage. The NTSB on-scene investigation commenced October 7, 1996. The main wreckage had been moved from the accident site. The outboard nine feet of the left wing was subsequently located approximately 1/4 mile to the northeast of the accident site at 37degrees, 05.19 minutes' north and 90 degrees, 26.29 minutes west. Examination of the accident site revealed a three foot deep crater about five feet by eight feet oriented on a heading of approximately 070 degrees. Foliage surrounding the crater was charred. Foliage to the northeast of the crater was wilted for approximately 30 feet. The trees immediately surrounding the crater exhibited no visible impact damage. The main wreckage was severely fragmented and burned. All primary airframe components were located with the main wreckage except a portion of the left wing and the left aileron. The right wing and inboard portion of the left wing exhibited severe crushing corresponding to a near vertical aircraft pitch. The forward fuselage and cabin exhibited severe accordion bending. Portions of all empennage components were identified in the main wreckage. The components were severely fragmented and burned. Continuity of primary flight control cables was established. No evidence of in-flight fire was discovered. The engine case was shattered. All pistons and connecting rods remained attached to the crankshaft. The heads of several cylinders were fractured from the barrels. One blade of the propeller was fractured at the midspan and the other was fractured near the hub. Both blades exhibited minor torsional bending and chordwise scratching. The left aileron was intact and exhibited moderate bending in an arc shape. The hinges were fractured forward of the pins. Visual inspection of the fractures revealed no evidence of progressive failure. The left wing spar was fractured nine feet three inches from the tip. The outboard wing section exhibited crushing to the leading edge near the tip. The spar segments and a portion of the wing surrounding the fracture were retained for laboratory examination. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION The condition of remains was not conducive to toxicological testing or an autopsy. TESTS AND RESEARCH The wing spar fragments and a section of the wing from the vicinity of the left wing fracture were examined at the NTSB laboratory by a NTSB metallurgist. In his factual report, he stated "examination of the fractures in the components revealed features typical of overstress separations. Deformation associated with the fracture in the upper and lower spar caps was indicative of a bending overstress separation in the downward direction (wing tip moving downward). No fatigue cracking or other types of progressive deterioration was noted." ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Parties to the investigation were the Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards District Office, St. Louis, Missouri, and the Cessna Aircraft Company. Following the on-scene portion of the investigation, the main wreckage was released to the Wayne County Sheriff. At the request of the owner, retained items were subsequently disposed of. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N195WR](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N195WR-1997-02-27), registration cancelled 1997-02-27, S/N 7050 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 195 - Registry model: [Cessna 195A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-195a) (registry code 2073110) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 7050 - Engines: Jacobs L4 /R755-7 245 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: William C. Rayburn - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: AWM, WEST MEMPHIS, AR - Destination: 1H0, CREVE COEUR, MO - Flight plan: VFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 44; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 1,200 total ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 12 knots, gusting 18 - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,600 ft broken - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 63 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: FA, 30 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19960926030179A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19960926030179A), Sep 26, 1996: Cessna 195A, Greenville, MO, Destroyed, 4 fatal. (.4)The pilot had telephoned the jonesboro fss and was advised by the briefer 'moderate turbulence... Icing... Visibilities one to two with thunderstorms and… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.