# NTSB CHI97LA301: Universal D-16, N110N, Howell, MI, September 25, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 25, 1997, 11:47 local (15:47 UTC) - Place: Howell, MI - Location: 42.6081° N, 83.9343° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs: center of Howell, MI, within about 6 miles (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.6081&lon=-83.9343&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 24, 1998 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 10708 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI97LA301 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/10708/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA301 ## Probable cause the emergency landing gear extension system being impeded by flap extension. Factors contributing to this accident are the instructor pilot's intentional feathering of the airplane's left propeller, the instructor pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane, and insufficient information provided in the pilot's operating handbook warning the operator that extending flaps during emergency gear extension will interrupt hydraulic pressure to the system. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, cruise - propeller feathering - intentional, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - lack of familiarity with aircraft, pilot in command(cfi) (contributing factor) - Gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown - landing gear,emergency extension assembly - impeded (cause) - aircraft manuals,procedure information - inadequate (contributing factor) - information insufficient, manufacturer (contributing factor) ## Analysis The instructor pilot had shut down and secured the airplane's left engine as part of a final checkout flight he was giving to a student, prior to her taking her practical test for a multi-engine rating. During the restart attempt, the propeller did not come out of feather, and the engine would not start. The instructor pilot had to manually extend the landing gear, because the hydraulic pump for the gear was on the left engine. They did not get the three green lights, indicating that the airplane's gear was down and locked. The pilot performed a fly-by during which he was informed that the gear appeared to be down. By the time the instructor pilot and student received this information, they were too far down the runway to land, so they executed a go-around. The instructor pilot then took control of the airplane and brought it in for landing. During the touchdown, the landing gear collapsed. Examination of the emergency landing gear extension system revealed that whenever flaps are selected during the hand pumping process, hydraulic pressure to the emergency landing gear system is interrupted, leaving the gear in an intermediate position. Hydraulic pressure is restored once flap extension/retraction is complete. ## Factual narrative On September 25, 1997, at 1147 eastern daylight time (edt), an Universal Temco D-16, N110N, operated by a certified flight instructor, sustained substantial damage when the airplane's left engine was shut down for training. During the restart attempt, the left propeller would not come out of feather. Emergency landing gear extension was performed. During the subsequent emergency landing, the airplane's nose gear collapsed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The instructional flight was being conducted under 14 CFR Part 91. No flight plan was on file. The flight instructor and dual student reported no injuries. The flight originated at New Hudson, Michigan, at 1000 edt. In his written statement, the instructor pilot said he had shut down and secured the airplane's left engine as part of a final checkout flight he was giving to a student, prior to her taking her practical test for a multi-engine rating. During the restart attempt, the propeller would not come out of feather, and the engine would not start. The instructor pilot said that they had to manually pump down the landing gear, because the hydraulic pump for the gear was powered by the left engine. The three green lights, indicating that the airplane's landing gear was down and locked, did not illuminate. On their approach into Livingston County Airport, Howell, Michigan, the instructor pilot called the airport manager to visually confirm that the airplane's landing gear were down. The manager told the instructor pilot that the landing gear appeared to be down. By the time the instructor pilot and student received this information, they were too far down the runway to land, so they executed a go-around. The instructor pilot then took control of the airplane and brought it in for landing. During the touchdown, the landing gear collapsed. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector examined the wreckage at the accident site. Both wings were bent down outboard of the engines approximately mid-way between the engine nacelles and the wing tip tanks, allowing the tip tanks to rest on the ground. The flaps were found partially extended. Both main landing gear struts were broken aft. The fuselage aft of the wings showed skin wrinkling. The nose wheel was found partially retracted in the wheel well. The right propeller showed chordwise scratches, torsional bending, and tip curling. The left propeller was found in the feathered position. Flight control continuity was confirmed. Examination of the engines, propellers, engine controls, and propeller controls revealed no anomalies. Examination of the airplane's normal landing gear extension system revealed no anomalies. Examination of the emergency landing gear extension system revealed that whenever flaps are selected during the hand pumping process, hydraulic pressure to the emergency landing gear system is interrupted, leaving the gear in an intermediate position. Hydraulic pressure is restored once flap extension/retraction is complete. The landing gear emergency extension procedure in the original pilot operating handbook for the airplane, made no reference cautioning pilots to not extend flaps when using the landing gear emergency extension procedure. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N110N](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N110N-1998-05-05), registration cancelled 1998-05-05, S/N TTN40 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Universal D-16 - Registry model: [Universal TEMCO D-16](https://openairdocs.org/model/universal-temco-d-16) (registry code 9230606) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: TTN-40 - Airframe hours: 3459 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-A1A 170 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Kay M. Larsen - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 10, 1996, 134 hours before - Departed: Y47, NEW HUDSON, MI - Airport: 3HE, Livingston County, runway 31, 4,300 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 59; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 12,498 total, 38 in this make and model, 11,038 as pilot in command, 133 in the last 90 days, 53 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 260° at 15 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: DTW, 38 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970925028989A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970925028989A), Sep 25, 1997: Multec D16, Howell, MI, Substantial damage. Engine failed during training. Landing gear was manually cranked down. During landing stalled, forced landing, coll (.19) on September 25, 1997, at 1147… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.