# NTSB CHI98FA031: Piper PA-34-200T, N79TH, Lynn, IN, November 2, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: November 2, 1997, 16:40 local (21:40 UTC) - Place: Lynn, IN - Coordinates: 40.039501, -84.939689 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.0395&lon=-84.9397&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report February 29, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 10723 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI98FA031 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/10723/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=10723 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98FA031 ## Probable cause the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane which resulted in the inflight separation of the wings, vertical stabilizer/rudder, and the stabilator. Factors associated with the accident the pilot continued the flight into known adverse weather and the icing conditions which existed. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight encounter with weather, cruise - weather condition - icing conditions (contributing factor) - flight into known adverse weather - performed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, cruise - aircraft control - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, descent - uncontrolled - wing - overload (cause) - wing - separation (cause) - flight control,stabilator - overload (cause) - flight control,stabilator - separation (cause) - vertical stabilizer - overload (cause) - vertical stabilizer - separation (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis The pilot received a weather briefing during which time he was informed of an AIRMET for icing conditions. The airplane departed at 1534. Last ATC contact with the airplane was at 1639 when the pilot acknowledged a frequency change while at an altitude of 11,000'msl. The airplane dropped off radar about one minute later. A center weather advisory was in effect which advised of moderate isolated severe mixed/rime icing in clouds between 4,000' and 13,000'. Inspection of the wreckage indicates the airplane experienced an inflight breakup. No evidence was found to indicate any pre-accident failures/malfunctions of the airplane and/or engines existed. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On November 2, 1997, at 1640 eastern standard time (est), a Piper PA-34-200T, N79TH, was destroyed during an in-flight breakup near Lynn, Indiana. The commercial instrument rated pilot and passenger sustained fatal injuries. The 14 CFR Part 91 business flight was operating on an IFR flight plan. The flight departed DuPage County Airport, West Chicago, Illinois, at 1535 est, with an intended destination of Charleston, West Virginia. The pilot and three passengers had departed Bay City, Michigan, and flew to the DuPage County Airport on a business flight. After landing at the DuPage County Airport, two of the passengers disembarked. The pilot and the remaining passenger departed again en route to Charleston, West Virginia, to pickup two more passengers before returning to Bay City, Michigan. All the passengers were employees of the registered owner of the airplane. At 1237 est, on the day of the accident, the pilot called the Lansing, Michigan Flight Service Station (FSS) at which time he filed an IFR flight plan from Saginaw, Michigan, to DuPage County Airport. The pilot also received an "abbreviated" weather briefing at the time. The pilot was informed of an AIRMET for icing conditions which extended from the central plain states to the Atlanitc Coast and down through Kentucky to Northern Tennessee. The pilot was informed that there were pilot reports from various types of airplanes for light to moderate icing. The pilot was informed that icing was present throughout the Great Lakes. At 1535 est, N79TH was cleared for takeoff from the DuPage County Airport. AT 1536 est, N79TH was in contact with the Chicago TRACON and was cleared to climb to 5,000 feet. Shortly thereafter, N79TH was cleared to climb to 10,000 feet. At 1549 est, N79TH was instructed to contact the Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). The pilot switched frequencies and was instructed to fly a heading of 140 degrees and to climb to 11,000 feet. The pilot is instructed to change frequencies to several other sectors within the Chicago ARTCC. At 1623 est, N79TH is instructed to change frequencies to the Indianapolis ARTCC. At 1639 est, the Muncie Sector controller instructed N79TH to contact the Indianapolic ARTCC [Rosewood Sector]. The pilot acknowleged this instruction. The pilot of N79TH never made contact with the Indianapolis ARTCC on the new frequency. The controller reported that N79TH was lost on radar approximately one minute after the hand-off. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot was born on September 9, 1942. He was the holder of a commercial pilot certificate with instrument, single and multiengine land ratings. He held a second class medical certificate which was issued on November 18, 1996. The pilot had accumulated 3,486 hours of flight time at the time of the accident. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION N79TH was a Piper Seneca PA-34-200T, serial number 34-7970157. The airplane had accumulated 2,998 hours time in service at the time of the accident. The last annual inspection of the airplane was conducted on April 20, 1997. On August 26, 1997, a factory overhauled left engine was installed on the airplane at a tach time of 3647.9 hours. The last maintenance performed on both engines was on October 29, 1997. The tach time on the left engine at the time of last inspection was 3667.45 hours and the right engine tach time was 3657.97 hours. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The weather conditions en route consisted of several layers of cloud cover and precipitation. At the time of the accident, Indianapolis was reporting a broken layer of clouds at 7,000 feet, a broken layer at 15,000 feet, and an overcast layer at 25,000 feet. Dayton, Ohio, was reporting a few clouds at 5,000 feet and an overcast layer at 7,000 feet. The closest reporting station, Muncie, Indiana, was reporting at 1645 est, scattered clouds at 3,000 feet, a broken layer at 4,500 feet, and another broken later at 6,000 feet. Visibility was 10 miles with precipitation. The temperature was 41 degrees F and the dew point was 36 degree F. Wind was from 260 degrees at 10 knots. Muncie is about 25 nautical miles (nmi) northwest of Lynn, Indiana. A Center Weater Advisory issued by the Indianapolis Center was in affect at the time of the accident. The advisory was valid from 2110Z until 2310Z. The advisory noted moderate isolated severe rime/mixed icing in clouds/precipitation from 4,000 feet to 13,000 feet. The area covered by the weather advisory was from 20nmi southeast of Findlay, Ohio[FDY], to 40nmi southeast of Cincinnati, Ohio[CVG], to 60nmi southeast of Decatur[DEC], Illinois, to 30nmi northeast of DEC, to 20nmi southeast of FDY. AIRMET Zulu Update 4 was valid from 2100Z to 0300Z on November 3, 1997. The AIRMET called for occassional moderate isolated severe mixed/rime icing in clouds and in precipitation between the freezing level and 13,000 feet. Also occassional light freezing rain/light freezing drizzle aloft over Northeastern Illinois, and Northern Indiana. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The NTSB on-scene investigation began at 1000 on November 3, 1997. The fuselage came to rest right side up in a muddy farm field. The main cabin roof exhibited downward crushing. The left wing and tail section completely separated from the fuselage and was found in the debris path. The inboard section of the right wing remained attached. The rear door separated from the fuselage by impact although the rear baggage door assembly remained attached. The forward cabin and the forward baggage door remained attached. The nose section forward of the baggage door containing a radar unit separated by impact. The left wing came to rest inverted approximately 1/8 of a mile from the main wreckage. The fracture surface of the main spar indicated that the wing failed in a negative direction. The wing exhibited buckling and wrinkling, and was partially separated outboard of the engine nacelle. The left flap remained attached. The left landing gear was found attached, but was extended beyond its full down limit. The left engine with propeller remained attached. The propeller appeared to be in the feathered position. The left cowl flap was closed. The left wing aileron bellcrank was found bent. The control cables remained attached to the bellcrank. The other ends of the cables exhibitied broomstick signatures and were frayed. The bellcrank limit stops were undamaged. The right outboard wing separated outboard of the engine nacelle and came to rest about 1 mile from the main wreckage. The right aileron remained attached, but the flap had separated. About three feet of the right inboard flap section was located in the debris field. The right wing aileron bellcrank was found bent. The control cables remained attached to the bellcrank. The other ends of the cables exhibitied broomstick signatures and were frayed. The limit stops were found to be bent by impact. The right aileron push/pull rod clevis fitting separated were it attaches to the bellcrank. The tail section completely separated from the empennage. The bottom skin section of the fuselage with the tie-down ring separated from the empennage and was located in the debris field. The right rear fuselage skin with the ELT tray separated from the empennage and was located in the debris field. The horizontal stabilator trim drum assembly separated from the airplane and was located in the debris field. The trim drum had nine threads exposed. The center spar section of the horizontal control surface with the counter weight arm was found in the debris field. The stabilator cables remained attached to the counter weight arm. The other ends of the cables exhibitied broomstick signatures and were frayed. The left horizontal hinge fitting was found bent to the left. The top limit stops were bent upwards, the bottom stops were undamaged. The left horizon ## Aircraft - Registration: [N79TH](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N79TH-1998-03-25), registration cancelled 1998-03-25, S/N 347970157 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-34-200T - Registry model: [Piper PA-34-200T](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-34-200t) (registry code 7103406) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 34-7970157 - Engines: Continental TSIO-360-EB 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: S And K Aviation - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: DPA, WEST CHICAGO, IL - Destination: CRW, CHARLESTON, WV - Flight plan: IFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 55; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 3,486 total, 3,417 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 260° at 10 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 4,500 ft broken - Temperature: 41 °F, dew point 36 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: MIE, 24 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19971102046079A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19971102046079A), Nov 2, 1997: Piper PA34200T, Lynn, IN, No damage. (-23) At approximately 16:45 EST indianapolis ARTCC lost radar and transponder contact with N79TH. At approximately 1700 EST a witness traveling west on county… ## Other investigations on N79TH (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB BFO95LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA035), Mar 19, 1995: Piper PA-34-200T (N79TH), Middle River, MD, substantial damage. Probable cause: the pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in the nosegear collapsing. The pilot's improper landing flare was a factor in the accident. ## Docket (25 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 22, 1999, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=10723. 7.0 MB in all. - Supplement A (item 1, .PDF, 276 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104324&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20A-Master.PDF - Supplement B (item 2, .PDF, 362 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104325&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20B-Master.PDF - Supplement S (item 3, .PDF, 68 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104326&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Supplement%20S-Master.PDF - Recorded Radar Study (item 4, .PDF, 443 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449310&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Recorded%20Radar%20Study-Master.PDF - Wreckage Diagram By The New Piper Aircraft Representative (item 5, .PDF, 99 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104328&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Wreckage%20Diagram%20By%20The%20New%20Piper%20Aircraft%20Representative-Master.PDF - Weather Information (item 6, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449311&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Information-Master.PDF - ATC Information and Transcripts (item 7, .PDF, 788 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449312&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%20Information%20and%20Transcripts-Master.PDF - ATC Radar Data (item 8, .PDF, 82 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449313&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%20Radar%20Data-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 9, .PDF, 682 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449314&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 10, .PDF, 110 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449315&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 11, .PDF, 109 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40449316&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Photo 1. Front View of Main Wreckage. (item 12, .PDF, 193 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104335&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20%20Front%20View%20of%20Main%20Wreckage.-Master.PDF - Photo 2. Left Side View of Main Wreckage. (item 13, .PDF, 192 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104336&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20%20Left%20Side%20View%20of%20Main%20Wreckage.-Master.PDF - Photo 3. Right Side View of Main Wreckage. (item 14, .PDF, 201 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104337&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203.%20%20Right%20Side%20View%20of%20Main%20Wreckage.-Master.PDF - Photo 4. Outboard View of Separated Left Wing. (item 15, .PDF, 168 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104338&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204.%20%20Outboard%20View%20of%20Separated%20Left%20Wing.-Master.PDF - Photo 5. Leading Edge View of Separated Left Wing. (item 16, .PDF, 190 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104339&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205.%20%20Leading%20Edge%20View%20of%20Separated%20Left%20Wing.-Master.PDF - Photo 6. Inboard View of Separated Left Wing. (item 17, .PDF, 197 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104340&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206.%20%20Inboard%20View%20of%20Separated%20Left%20Wing.-Master.PDF - Photo 7. Outboard Section of Right Wing Which Separated From the Main Wreckage. (item 18, .PDF, 153 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104341&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207.%20%20Outboard%20Section%20of%20Right%20Wing%20Which%20Separated%20From%20the%20Main%20Wreckage.-Master.PDF - Photo 8. View of Separated Area of Right Wing. (item 19, .PDF, 179 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104342&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%208.%20%20View%20of%20Separated%20Area%20of%20Right%20Wing.-Master.PDF - Photo 9. Bottom Surface of Separated Outboard Section of Right Wing. (item 20, .PDF, 215 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104343&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%209.%20%20Bottom%20Surface%20of%20Separated%20Outboard%20Section%20of%20Right%20Wing.-Master.PDF - Photo 10. Separated Portion of the Right Wing Flap. (item 21, .PDF, 96 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104344&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2010.%20%20Separated%20Portion%20of%20the%20Right%20Wing%20Flap.-Master.PDF - Photo 11. Outboard View of Right Wing with Spar Put Back in Place. (item 22, .PDF, 192 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104345&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2011.%20%20Outboard%20View%20of%20Right%20Wing%20with%20Spar%20Put%20Back%20in%20Place.-Master.PDF - Photo 12. Top of Vertical Stabilizer and Rudder. (item 23, .PDF, 226 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104346&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2012.%20%20Top%20of%20Vertical%20Stabilizer%20and%20Rudder.-Master.PDF - Photo 13. Bottom View of Separated Section of Vertical Stabilizer and Rudder. (item 24, .PDF, 277 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104347&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2013.%20%20Bottom%20View%20of%20Separated%20Section%20of%20Vertical%20Stabilizer%20and%20Rudder.-Master.PDF - Photo 14. Right Horizontal Stabilizer. (item 25, .PDF, 189 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40104348&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2014.%20%20Right%20Horizontal%20Stabilizer.-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.