# NTSB CHI98LA246: Cessna 182L, N42184, Mackinac Island, MI, July 10, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 9, 1998, 21:15 local (Jul 10, 1998, 01:15 UTC) - Place: Mackinac Island, MI - Coordinates: 45.849231, -84.620918 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.8492&lon=-84.6209&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report May 19, 1999 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 10957 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI98LA246 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/10957/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA246 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to attain a stabilized approach and a touchdown point. The factors contributing to the accident were the pilot in command's improper use of flaps and his not performing a go-around. An additional factor was the pilot in command not using all available runway during landing roll. The fence post which the aircraft impacted was also a factor. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Overrun, landing - roll - proper touchdown point - not attained, pilot in command (cause) - flaps - improper use of, pilot in command (contributing factor) - go-around - not performed, pilot in command (contributing factor) - On ground/water collision with object, landing - roll - object - fence post (contributing factor) - all available runway - not used, pilot in command (contributing factor) ## Analysis The airplane received substantial damage on impact with poles during a landing overrun on runway 26 (3501' x 75', dry/asphalt) at Mackinac Island Airport, on Mackinac Island, Michigan. The pilot reported the he had selected 20 degrees and 40 degrees of flaps on base and final respectively. He did not realize that the flaps were up until 1/3 down the runway at which point the airspeed was 80 KIAS. He had also stated that the aircraft touched down 1/2 down the runway. Upon examination of the aircraft, the flaps selector and associated indicator were indicating 0 degrees. A functional check was successfully performed three times by cycling the flaps through 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 40 degrees. ## Factual narrative On July 9, 1998, at 2115 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 182L, N42184, piloted by a private pilot, received substantial damage on impact with poles during a landing overrun on runway 26 (3501' x 75', dry/asphalt) at Mackinac Island Airport, on Mackinac Island, Michigan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The personal 14 CFR Part 91 flight was operating on a VFR flight plan. The pilot reported no injuries. The flight departed New Hudson Airport, near New Hudson, Michigan, at 1915. In a written statement, the pilot reported that he had selected 20 degrees and 40 degrees of flaps on base and final, respectively. He had flared over the runway numbers and was carried 1/3 down the runway at which point he realized that the flaps were not extended and that the airspeed was approximately 80 KIAS. He had considered a go-around but did not trust his flaps. He also stated that the aircraft touched down 1/2 down the runway and had little braking action due to his speed and the down slope of the runway. In trying to avoid a fence and gravel piles at the end of the runway, he turned the aircraft to the right. The aircraft stopped after impacting with a fence and poles at the northwest corner of the airport. The pilot told the airport manager that he was 1/2 down the runway when he realized that the flaps were not extended. Examination of the airplane revealed that the flap selector and associated indicator were at 0 degrees. As a functional check, the airport manager successfully cycled the flaps three times through 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 40 degrees. The Cessna 182 owner's manual shows the ground roll distance, at a gross weight of 2800 lbs, an approach speed of 69 mph and a flap setting of 40 degrees at sea level conditions, to be 590 feet. Based upon a conversation with the pilot, the weight of the aircraft at the time of the accident was reported to be less than 2800 lbs. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N42184](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N42184), registered now, S/N 18258890, built 1968 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 182L - Registry model: [Cessna 182L](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182l) (registry code 2072726) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18258890 - Airframe hours: 2500 - Engines: Continental O-470-R-20 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: William Joseph Natter - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 9, 1998, 25 hours before - Departed: Y47, NEW HUDSON, MI - Destination: MCD - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: MCD, Mackinac Island, runway 26, 3,501 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 218 total, 164 in this make and model, 167 as pilot in command, 22 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 63 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: MCD ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980709016339A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980709016339A), Jul 9, 1998: Cessna 182L, Mackinac Island, MI, Substantial damage. Collided with poles landing. (.4)the airplane received substantial damage on impact with poles during a landing overrun on runway 26 (3501' x 75', dry/asphalt)… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.