# NTSB CHI98LA298: Piper PA28-R-200, N4596T, W. Frankfort, IN, August 3, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 3, 1998, 12:15 local (17:15 UTC) - Place: W. Frankfort, IN - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 22, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 43596 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CHI98LA298 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/43596/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA298 ## Probable cause The failure of the fuel mixture control linkage, and inadequate inspections by maintenance personnel. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(partial) - mech failure/malf, cruise - normal - maintenance,inspection - inadequate, other maintenance personnel (cause) - fuel injection control,linkage - failure,total (cause) - In flight collision with object, descent - emergency - object - wire,transmission - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - open field ## Analysis While at cruise altitude the airplane began to lose power after the pilot had adjusted the mixture control. The pilot said he attempted numerous throttle, mixture and fuel tank settings to regain power. The airplane began losing altitude and the pilot said he decided upon a forced landing. While making a turn toward the field of choice, the airplane's auto-extend landing gear extended. The airplane began a more rapid sink rate and the pilot had to select another field. The airplane's left main landing gear struck a power line. The airplane landed in a left yaw attitude without its left main landing gear attached to the airframe. The airplane's auto-extend landing gear is designed to extend the landing gear when the airplane's airspeed goes below 105-MPH. This sytem can be over-ridden by using a switch in the airplane's cockpit. The on-scene investigation revealed the fuel mixture control's mechanical linkage had separated from the flexible cable attached to the mixture control's lever. The fuel servo's mechanical mixture control stop for the mixture lever did not have wear marks at the full rich position. ## Factual narrative On August 3, 1998, at 1215 central daylight time (cdt), a Piper PA-28R-200, N4596T, piloted by a commercial pilot, was substantially damaged during an off-airport forced landing following a total loss of power while in cruise flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight was not operating on a flight plan. The pilot and passenger reported no injuries. The flight departed Lafayette, Indiana, at 1200 cdt. According to the pilot, the airplane was in level cruise flight at 2,800-feet above mean sea level. He said, "The plane was set up for cruise, but when the mixture control was moved to its usual cruise position, the engine slowed considerably. The mixture control was returned to full rich, and the fuel flow was observed to be 5 gallons per hour. At this power setting, it should have been 9 [to] 11 gallons per hour." The pilot said he turned the boost pump on and switched the fuel tanks. He said this did not increase the fuel flow. Changing throttle settings did not increase the power, according to the pilot. The pilot said the airplane began to lose altitude. The pilot said the airplane's automatic landing gear extension allowed the landing gear to extend while turning toward a field he was going to use for an off-airport landing. He said the airplane began to sink rapidly and he selected a field directly in front of the airplane for the landing. The airplane's left landing gear struck a powerline and "...jerked..." to the left. The pilot said right rudder did not counter the yaw attitude. The airplane landed in a yawed attitude, without its left main landing gear. The on-scene examination was conducted by a Federal Aviation Administration Principal Maintenance Inspector (PMI). During the investigation no water was found in the fuel. N4596T's fuel boost pump was powered up and fuel flowed to the fuel distribution manifold. The throttle, propeller and mixture controls were examined for continuity from the cockpit. The PMI reported, "All of the mechanical linkage appeared normal with one exception, the mixture (fuel flow) control was loose (broken) from the lug and clamp mount/bracket at the junction where the rod joins the flexible cable." The PMI continues, "...the mechanical stops for the mixture control lever on the servo fuel injector did not have wear marks at the full rich position... ." According to the Piper PA-28R-200's pilot operating handbook (POH), the best glide speed is 105 miles per hour (mph) at gross weight. N4596T is equipped with an automatic landing gear extension system. The POH states, "Gear extension is designed to occur even if the selector is in the up position at airspeeds below approximately 105 mph with power off." The POH stated the system can be over-ridden by raising a lever located between the pilot and front passenger seat. The lever must be held in the up position to keep the over-ride authority active. According to the POH, "To lock the over-ride lever in the up position.... push in the latch..." that is located on the console between the seat. Excerpts of the POH are appended to this report. The pilot said he needs to use both hands in order to accomplish the locking task. He said he was unable to do this because his attention was on flying the airplane toward the field he had chosen for the forced landing. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4596T](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4596T-2013-08-15), registration cancelled 2013-08-15, S/N 28R-7235103, built 1972 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA28-R-200 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28R-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-200) (registry code 7102811) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28R-7235103 - Airframe hours: 3134 - Engines: Lycoming I0-360-C1C reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Owen Aycock - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 18, 1998, 25 hours before - Departed: LAF, LAFAYETTE, IN ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 59; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 5,300 total, 320 in this make and model, 5,180 as pilot in command, 210 in the last 90 days, 75 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Not reported ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980803038289A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980803038289A), Aug 3, 1998: Piper PA28R200, West Frankfort, IN, Substantial damage. (.19)On August 3, 1998, at 1330 eastern daylight time (EDT), a Piper PA-28R-200, N4596T, piloted by a commercial pilot, was substantially damaged during an… ## Other investigations on N4596T (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB DEN72AD056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN72AD056), May 25, 1972: Piper PA-28R (N4596T), Lukachukai, AZ, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.