# NTSB DCA04MA011: McDonnell Douglas MD-10-10F, N364FE, Memphis, TN, December 18, 2003 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Class 1 · Major · Final report - Date: December 18, 2003, 12:26 local (18:26 UTC) - Place: Memphis, TN - Coordinates: 35.030025, -90.00962 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.0300&lon=-90.0096&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor, 5 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 2, 2005 - Report: Board-adopted at Board Meeting - Investigation class: Class 1 - NTSB office: Major Investigations Division - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration, Memphis-Shelby Airport Authority, FedEx Express, Air Line Pilots Association, The Boeing Company - Safety recommendations: Yes - NTSB case key (mKey): 58503 - NTSB case page: https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Pages/DCA04MA011.aspx - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58503/pdf - Board report AAR0501 (PDF): https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR0501.pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA04MA011 ## Probable cause 1) the first officer's failure to properly apply crosswind landing techniques to align the airplane with the runway centerline and to properly arrest the airplane's descent rate (flare) before the airplane touched down; and 2) the captain's failure to adequately monitor the first officer's performance and command or initiate corrective action during the final approach and landing. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - proper alignment - improper, copilot/second pilot (cause) - flare - improper, copilot/second pilot (cause) - supervision - inadequate, check pilot (cause) - Main gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown - landing gear,main gear - overload (cause) ## Analysis The Safety Board's full report is available at http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/publictn.htm. The Aircraft Accident Report number is NTSB/AAR-05/01. On December 18, 2003, about 1226 central standard time, Federal Express Corporation (FedEx) flight 647, a Boeing MD-10-10F (MD-10), N364FE, crashed while landing at Memphis International Airport (MEM), Memphis, Tennessee. The right main landing gear collapsed after touchdown on runway 36R, and the airplane veered off the right side of the runway. After the gear collapsed, a fire developed on the right side of the airplane. Of the two flight crewmembers and five nonrevenue FedEx pilots on board the airplane, the first officer and one nonrevenue pilot received minor injuries during the evacuation. The postcrash fire destroyed the airplane's right wing and portions of the right side of the fuselage. Flight 647 departed from Metropolitan Oakland International Airport (OAK), Oakland, California, about 0832 (0632 Pacific standard time) and was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 121 on an instrument flight rules flight plan. ## Factual narrative The Safety Board's full report is available at http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/publictn.htm. The Aircraft Accident Report number is NTSB/AAR-05/01. On December 18, 2003, about 1226 central standard time, Federal Express Corporation (FedEx) flight 647, a Boeing MD-10-10F (MD-10), N364FE, crashed while landing at Memphis International Airport (MEM), Memphis, Tennessee. The right main landing gear collapsed after touchdown on runway 36R, and the airplane veered off the right side of the runway. After the gear collapsed, a fire developed on the right side of the airplane. Of the two flight crewmembers and five nonrevenue FedEx pilots on board the airplane, the first officer and one nonrevenue pilot received minor injuries during the evacuation. The postcrash fire destroyed the airplane's right wing and portions of the right side of the fuselage. Flight 647 departed from Metropolitan Oakland International Airport (OAK), Oakland, California, about 0832 (0632 Pacific standard time) and was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 121 on an instrument flight rules flight plan. The accident occurred on the last day of the flight crew's 4-day, 3-leg trip during which the captain of the flight, a company check airman, was conducting a line check for the first officer. The first leg of the trip departed MEM about 2100 on December 15, 2003, and arrived at Indianapolis International Airport (IND), Indianapolis, Indiana, about 2215 (2315 eastern standard time). The captain was the flying pilot for that leg. The second leg of the trip departed IND about 1431 (1531 eastern standard time) on December 16 and arrived at OAK about 1850 (1650 Pacific standard time). The first officer was the flying pilot for that leg. The captain and first officer remained in Oakland on December 17, with no flight duties assigned, then reported for duty on December 18 before the accident flight's scheduled departure time of 0810 (0610 Pacific standard time). The airplane's departure to MEM was delayed until 0832 because of a package sorting issue that was later resolved. The first officer was the flying pilot, and the captain performed the nonflying pilot and line check airman duties. According to post accident interviews, cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR) evidence, and air traffic control (ATC) records, the climb and cruise phases of the flight were routine and uneventful. As the airplane approached MEM, the captain and first officer discussed procedures and runway options and planned for the arrival at MEM. About 1145:40, the first officer briefed the captain on arrival and approach procedures for runways 27 (the primary landing runway option) and 36L (the secondary landing runway option). According to the CVR, about 1156:39, the captain stated, "I need to see a stable approach at a thousand feet. If for some reason we're not stable go around...all right?" The first officer responded, "yep no problem there." The captain obtained the current MEM automatic terminal information service (ATIS) information and, about 1200:34, stated that the winds were out of "three twenty...sixteen gusts to twenty-two, so...it's more favorable to the three sixes." About 1202:08, the first officer stated, "I just think we should start putting out slats about twenty miles on the other side...because I'm...still fairly unfamiliar with Memphis, so I wanna get configured a bit earlier for that." The captain responded, "do what you want," and provided additional information about normal arrival operations, addressing typical stepdown and traffic pattern procedures, altitudes, airspeeds, and the probability of an early turn into MEM. The first officer acknowledged the information and requested the in-range checklist. About 1203:22, the captain stated, "you're driving and you stay focused on that and make me do whatever you need done." The first officer stated, "okay." About 1204:46, the captain stated, "two ninety is the default descent speed. Which is just fine. That's what's in there." About 1205:22, the captain continued the in-range checklist, confirming altimeter settings with the first officer. About 1205:37, Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Center advised the pilots to contact MEM approach control. About 1206:00, the captain announced that the in-range checklist was complete, then contacted MEM approach control. The MEM approach controller advised the pilots to expect to land on runway 36L and informed them that ATIS information Zulu was current. The approach controller cleared flight 647 to descend to and maintain 8,000 feet mean sea level (msl). The captain acknowledged the clearance and repeated "three six left" to the first officer. About 1209:12, the captain advised the first officer that the winds were out of "three twenty at sixteen gusts to twenty two. Ten miles [visibility]. It's still saying wind shear." The first officer responded, "goodness." About 1210:46, the captain stated, "I don't see any other TCAS [traffic alert and collision avoidance system] targets...We may be the lead dog coming in here." About 1211:24, the MEM approach controller instructed the pilots to reduce the airplane's airspeed to 210 knots and then descend to and maintain 6,000 feet. Shortly after the captain acknowledged these instructions, the first officer asked him to confirm the clearance, and the captain repeated the instructions. The first officer repeated the airspeed restriction and asked the captain to extend the slats. About 1212:11, the captain stated, "there's BOWEN [a navigational intersection]...one seventy five is the heading out of BOWEN." The CVR recorded the first officer as she responded, "oh, thank you." About 1212:42, the captain stated, "FREAZ [a navigational intersection] is out there fourteen miles from touchdown." About 1213:14, the captain stated, "airport's right there," and the first officer responded, "yep." About 1213:18, the MEM approach controller advised the pilots to contact MEM approach control on a different frequency. About 30 seconds later, the captain contacted MEM approach control on the new frequency and advised the controllers that flight 647 was level at 6,000 feet. About 1214:15, the first officer requested 15° of flaps. About 1214:33, MEM approach control cleared the pilots to descend to and maintain 5,000 feet and turn 10° right. Afterward, the MEM approach controller advised the pilots that they should expect to land on runway 36R instead of 36L, as previously instructed. About 1215:39, the captain told the first officer, "three six right's in the fix page and it's in the...FMS [flight management system]," and the first officer thanked him. About 1216:11, the MEM approach controller instructed the pilots to reduce the airplane's airspeed to 190 knots, and the captain acknowledged this instruction. The first officer called for the approach checklist about 1218:10, and the captain responded, "approach check. Briefing's complete to three six right. The altimeter is three zero one zero." As the captain finished speaking, the MEM approach controller instructed the pilots to turn left to a heading of 020° and intercept the localizer for runway 36R. The captain acknowledged the instruction, and the pilots continued the approach checklist, completing it about 1218:58. About 1219:00, the captain stated that the localizer was "alive" and that they were 18 miles from touchdown. About 10 seconds later, the MEM approach controller told the pilots to reduce the airplane's airspeed to 170 knots and cautioned them about possible wake turbulence from an Airbus airplane that was about 6 1/2 miles ahead of the flight 647 airplane. The captain acknowledged the speed reduction and stated that he was looking for the Airbus airplane. About 1219:24, the first officer stated, "flaps twenty two please," and the CVR then recor ## Aircraft - Registration: [N364FE](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N364FE-2004-02-25), registration cancelled 2004-02-25, S/N 46600, built 1971 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: McDonnell Douglas MD-10-10F - Registry model: [Mcdonnell Douglas MD-10-10F](https://openairdocs.org/model/mcdonnell-douglas-md-10-10f) (registry code 3022112) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [GE CF6-6 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/ge-cf6-6-series) (registry code 30020, turbo-fan) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Airframe hours: 65375 - Engines: General Electric CF6-6D 50000 lbs thrust turbo fan; General Electric CF6-6D 50000 lbs thrust turbo fan; General Electric CF6-6D 50000 lbs thrust turbo fan - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Part 121 - Registered owner: Federal Express Corp - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, May 30, 2003, 584 hours before - Departed: OAK, Oakland, CA - Destination: MEM, Memphis, TN - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: MEM, Memphis Intl, runway 36R, 9,320 × 150 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Check pilot; age 59; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review December 8, 2003; seat: left; flight hours: 4,802 total, 2,674 in this make and model, 2,602 as pilot in command, 123 in the last 90 days, 34 in the last 30 days - Co-pilot; age 44; injuries: minor; flight engineer, airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review November 20, 2003; seat: right; flight hours: 3,014 total, 1,918 in this make and model, 61 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 320° at 21 knots, gusting 26 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 4,500 ft broken - Temperature: 52 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 30.09 inHg - Observed at: MEM, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20031218037819A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20031218037819A), Dec 18, 2003: Doug MD1010F, Memphis, TN, Destroyed. (-23) The right main gear failed on landing. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.