# NTSB DCA94MA065: Douglas DC-9-31, N954VJ, Charlotte, NC, July 2, 1994

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report
- Date: July 2, 1994, 18:43 local (22:43 UTC)
- Place: Charlotte, NC
- Coordinates: 35.230934, -80.910842 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.2309&lon=-80.9108&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Fatal
- Injuries: 37 fatal, 16 serious, 4 minor
- Status: Completed, report January 19, 1996
- Report: Board-adopted at Board Meeting
- Investigation class: Class 1
- NTSB office: Major Investigations Division
- Safety recommendations: Yes
- NTSB case key (mKey): 10986
- NTSB case page: https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Pages/DCA94MA065.aspx
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/10986/pdf
- Board report AAR9503 (PDF): https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9503.pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=10986
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA94MA065

## Probable cause

1) THE FLIGHTCREW'S DECISION TO CONTINUE AN APPROACH INTO SEVERE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY THAT WAS CONDUCIVE TO A MICROBURST; 2) THE FLIGHTCREW'S FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE A WINDSHEAR SITUATION IN A TIMELY MANNER; 3)THE FLIGHTCREW'S FAILURE TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN THE PROPER AIRPLANE ATTITUDE AND THRUST SETTING NECESSARY TO ESCAPE THE WINDSHEAR; AND 4) THE LACK OF REAL-TIME ADVERSE WEATHER AND WINDSHEAR HAZARD INFORMATION DISSEMINATION FROM AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, ALL OF WHICH LED TO AN ENCOUNTER WITH AND THE FAILURE TO ESCAPE FROM A MICROBURST-INDUCED WINDSHEAR THAT WAS PRODUCED BY A RAPIDLY DEVELOPING THUNDERSTORM LOCATED AT THE APPROACH END OF RUNWAY 18R. CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: 1) THE LACK OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES THAT WOULD HAVE REQUIRED THE CONTROLLER TO DISPLAY AND ISSUE AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR (ASR-9) WEATHER INFORMATION TO THE PILOTS OF FLIGHT 1016; 2) THE CHARLOTTE TOWER SUPERVISOR'S FAILURE TO PROPERLY ADVISE AND ENSURE THAT ALL CONTROLLERS WERE AWARE OF AND REPORTING THE REDUCTION IN VISIBILITY AND RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE VALUE INFORMATION, AND THE LOW LEVEL WINDSHEAR ALERTS THAT HAD OCCURRED IN MULTIPLE QUADRANTS; 3) THE INADEQUATE REMEDIAL ACTIONS BY USAIR TO ENSURE ADHERENCE TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES; AND 4) THE INADEQUATE SOFTWARE LOGIC IN THE AIRPLANE'S WINDSHEAR WARNING SYSTEM THAT DID NOT PROVIDE AN ALERT UPON ENTRY INTO THE WINDSHEAR. (NTSB REPORT AAR-95/03)

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- In flight collision with terrain/water, missed approach (ifr)
  - weather condition - microburst/wet
  - in-flight planning/decision - improper, flightcrew (cause)
  - weather condition - windshear
  - weather evaluation - inadequate, flightcrew (cause)
  - aircraft handling - improper, flightcrew (cause)
  - unsafe/hazardous condition warning - inadequate, atc personnel(lcl/gnd/clnc) (cause)
  - procedure inadequate, faa(other/organization) (contributing factor)
  - supervision - inadequate, atc personnel(supervisor) (contributing factor)
  - procedure inadequate, company/operator management (contributing factor)
  - warning system(other) - inadequate (contributing factor)
  - acft/equip,inadequate design, manufacturer (contributing factor)

## Analysis

THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH TREES AND A PRIVATE RESIDENCE SHORTLY AFTER THE FLIGHTCREW EXECUTED A MISSED APPROACH FROM THE RWY 18R ILS. FLIGHTCREW WAS NOT PROVIDED UPDATED WX INFO IN ATIS;WX REFLECTED THUNDERSTORM & RAINSHOWER. TERMINAL DOPPLER WX RADAR NOT INSTALLED AT ARPT AS SCHEDULED; WOULD HAVE PROVIDED CONTROLLERS WITH INFO ABOUT SEVERITY OF WX, AND INFO WOULD HAVE BEEN BENEFICIAL TO FLIGHTCREW. INADEQ ATC PROCEDURES, BREAKDOWN IN COMM IN TOWER, PREVENTED FLIGHTCREW FROM RECEIVING ADDITIONAL CRITICAL INFO ABOUT ADVERSE WX OVER ARPT & ALONG APPROACH PATH. FLIGHT ENCOUNTERED WINDSHEAR OF 61 KTS OVER A 15 SEC PERIOD. INADEQ COMPUTER SOFTWARE DESIGN IN THE AIRPLANE'S ON-BOARD WINDSHEAR DETECTION SYSTEM PREVENTED FLIGHTCREW FROM RECEIVING MORE TIMELY WINDSHEAR ALERT. 1ST OFFICER INITIALLY ROTATED TO PROPER 15 DEG NOSE-UP ATTITUDE DURING MISSED APPROACH. HOWEVER, THRUST WAS SET BELOW STANDARD GO-AROUND EPR LIMIT OF 1.93, PITCH ATTITUDE REDUCED TO 5 DEG NOSE DOWN BEFORE FLIGHTCREW RECOGNIZED DANGEROUS SITUATION. FAA'S POI, USAIR'S MANAGEMENT, WERE AWARE OF INCONSISTENCIES IN FLIGHTCREW ADHERENCE TO OPERATING PROCEDURES WITHIN THE AIRLINE; HOWEVER, CORRECTIVE ACTIONS HAD NOT RESOLVED THIS PROBLEM.

## Factual narrative

Refer to NTSB Aircraft Accident Report NTSB AAR-95-03 for detailed information.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N954VJ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N954VJ-1995-05-03), registration cancelled 1995-05-03, S/N 47590 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: DOUGLAS DC-9-31
- Registry model: [Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-31](https://openairdocs.org/model/mcdonnell-douglas-dc-9-31) (registry code 302206A) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 47590
- Airframe hours: 53917
- Engines: P&W JT8D-7 12600 lbs thrust turbo jet
- Damage: Destroyed
- Fire: On-Ground
- Flight: Part 121
- Registered owner: Usair
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport
- Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, July 1, 1994
- Departed: CAE, COLUMBIA, SC
- Destination: CLT
- Flight plan: IFR
- Airport: CLT, Charlotte/Douglas Intl, runway 18R, 10,000 × 150 ft, concrete

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 38; flight instructor, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 8,065 total, 1,970 in this make and model

## Weather

- Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day
- Wind: 190° at 16 knots
- Visibility: 6 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 4,500 ft broken
- Temperature: 77 °F, dew point 66 °F
- Altimeter: 30.00 inHg
- Observed at: CLT

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19940702017269A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940702017269A), Jul 2, 1994: Doug DC931, Charlotte, NC, Destroyed, 37 fatal. Struck trees and residence on missed approach. Windshear and failure proper power. Aws not working. No weather update

## Docket (110 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 10, 1995, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=10986. 137 MB in all.

- Order of Hearing 1A (item 1, .PDF, 22 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030915&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Order%20of%20Hearing%201A-Master.PDF
- Designation of Hearing Officer 1B (item 2, .PDF, 24 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030916&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Designation%20of%20Hearing%20Officer%201B-Master.PDF
- Notice of Hearing 1C (item 3, .PDF, 44 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030917&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Notice%20of%20Hearing%201C-Master.PDF
- Designation of Parties to the Hearing 1D (item 4, .PDF, 27 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030918&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Designation%20of%20Parties%20to%20the%20Hearing%201D-Master.PDF
- Designation Of Chairman of Board of Inquiry 1E (item 5, .PDF, 49 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030919&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Designation%20Of%20Chairman%20of%20Board%20of%20Inquiry%201E-Master.PDF
- Operations 2A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 6, .PDF, 3.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442302&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Operations 2B - Jeppesen Approach Plate-Charlotte/Douglas International Airport (item 7, .PDF, 87 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030921&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202B%20-%20Jeppesen%20Approach%20Plate-Charlotte%2FDouglas%20International%20Airport-Master.PDF
- Operations 2C - USAir DC-9 Pilot Handbook - Weather Radar (item 8, .PDF, 229 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030922&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202C%20-%20USAir%20DC-9%20Pilot%20Handbook%20-%20Weather%20Radar-Master.PDF
- Operations 2D - USAir Flight Operations Manual-Descent & Approach (item 9, .PDF, 185 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030923&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202D%20-%20USAir%20Flight%20Operations%20Manual-Descent%20%26%20Approach-Master.PDF
- Operations 2E - USAir Pilot's Handbook - Severe Precipitation (item 10, .PDF, 272 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030924&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202E%20-%20USAir%20Pilot%27s%20Handbook%20-%20Severe%20Precipitation-Master.PDF
- Operations 2F - USAir Pilot's Handbook - Windshear (item 11, .PDF, 4.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030925&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202F%20-%20USAir%20Pilot%27s%20Handbook%20-%20Windshear-Master.PDF
- Operations 2G - USAir Pilot's Handbook Missed Approach Procedure (2) (item 12, .PDF, 155 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030926&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202G%20-%20USAir%20Pilot%27s%20Handbook%20Missed%20Approach%20Procedure%20(2)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2H - USAir Pilot's Handbook - Ground (item 13, .PDF, 96 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030927&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202H%20-%20USAir%20Pilot%27s%20Handbook%20-%20Ground-Master.PDF
- Operations 2I - FAA Advisory Circular AC-120-35B (19) (item 14, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030928&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202I%20-%20FAA%20Advisory%20Circular%20AC-120-35B%20(19)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2J - FAA Advisory Circular 120-59 (19) (item 15, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030929&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202J%20-%20FAA%20Advisory%20Circular%20120-59%20(19)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2K - FAA National Safety Inspection Program - USAir (20) (item 16, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030930&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202K%20-%20FAA%20National%20Safety%20Inspection%20Program%20-%20USAir%20(20)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2L - Pilot Records (item 17, .PDF, 156 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442303&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202L%20-%20Pilot%20Records-Redacted.PDF
- Operations 2M - FAA Order 1320.50 (1) (item 18, .PDF, 130 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030932&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202M%20-%20FAA%20Order%201320.50%20(1)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2N - FAA Order 8400.10 (6) (item 19, .PDF, 680 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030933&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202N%20-%20FAA%20Order%208400.10%20(6)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2O - Excerpts of USAir Flight Operations Training Manual (5) (item 20, .PDF, 246 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030934&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202O%20-%20Excerpts%20of%20USAir%20Flight%20Operations%20Training%20Manual%20(5)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2P - Excerpts of USAir Check Airman Handbook (13) (item 21, .PDF, 971 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030935&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202P%20-%20Excerpts%20of%20USAir%20Check%20Airman%20Handbook%20(13)-Master.PDF
- Operations 2Q - Excerpts of USAir Line Oriented Flight Training (item 22, .PDF, 463 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442304&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%202Q%20-%20Excerpts%20of%20USAir%20Line%20Oriented%20Flight%20Training-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3A - Factual Report of Group Chairman Air Traffic Control (item 23, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442305&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman%20Air%20Traffic%20Control-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3A - Addendum #1 (item 24, .PDF, 98 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442306&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203A%20-%20Addendum%20%231-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3A - Addendum #2 (item 25, .PDF, 136 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442307&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203A%20-%20Addendum%20%232-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3B - Air Traffic Control Transcripts (item 26, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442308&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203B%20-%20Air%20Traffic%20Control%20Transcripts-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3C - FAA Personnel Statement (item 27, .PDF, 190 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442309&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203C%20-%20FAA%20Personnel%20Statement-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3C - Personnel Log For July 2, 1994 (item 28, .PDF, 356 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442310&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203C%20-%20Personnel%20Log%20For%20July%202,%201994-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3D - Visibility Charts (2) (item 29, .PDF, 83 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030943&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203D%20-%20Visibility%20Charts%20(2)-Master.PDF
- ATC 3E - Control Tower Layout (1) (item 30, .PDF, 70 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030944&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203E%20-%20Control%20Tower%20Layout%20(1)-Master.PDF
- ATC 3F - Daily Record of Facility Operation (item 31, .PDF, 84 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442311&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203F%20-%20Daily%20Record%20of%20Facility%20Operation-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3G - Excerpts from ATC Handbook (item 32, .PDF, 352 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030946&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203G%20-%20Excerpts%20from%20ATC%20Handbook-Master.PDF
- ATC 3G - Excerpts from Air Traffic Control Handbook (item 33, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030947&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203G%20-%20Excerpts%20from%20Air%20Traffic%20Control%20Handbook-Master.PDF
- ATC 3H - Air Traffic Bulletins (item 34, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030948&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203H%20-%20Air%20Traffic%20Bulletins-Master.PDF
- ATC 3J - Pilot/Controller Glossary (item 35, .PDF, 696 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030949&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203J%20-%20Pilot%2FController%20Glossary-Master.PDF
- ATC 3K - Chapter 4 of CLT 7220.4 (item 36, .PDF, 195 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030950&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203K%20-%20Chapter%204%20of%20CLT%207220.4-Master.PDF
- ATC 3L - Response Letter (item 37, .PDF, 145 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442312&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203L%20-%20Response%20Letter-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3M - Public Hearing Transcripts (Excerpts) (item 38, .PDF, 136 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030952&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203M%20-%20Public%20Hearing%20Transcripts%20(Excerpts)-Master.PDF
- ATC 3N - Correspondence (item 39, .PDF, 328 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030953&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203N%20-%20Correspondence-Master.PDF
- ATC 3O - CLT 7220.4 Change 5 (item 40, .PDF, 63 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442313&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203O%20-%20CLT%207220.4%20Change%205-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3P - FAA ATC Accident Package (item 41, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442314&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203P%20-%20FAA%20ATC%20Accident%20Package-Redacted.PDF
- Meteorology 5A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 42, .PDF, 4.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442315&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Meteorology 5B - Meteorological Data B (item 43, .PDF, 794 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442316&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205B%20-%20Meteorological%20Data%20B-Redacted.PDF
- Meteorology 5C - Meteorological Data C (item 44, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442317&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205C%20-%20Meteorological%20Data%20C-Redacted.PDF
- Meteorology 5D - WSR-88D Data From Columbia, South Carolina (item 45, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030959&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205D%20-%20WSR-88D%20Data%20From%20Columbia,%20South%20Carolina-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5E - Low Level Wind Shear Alert System - CLT (item 46, .PDF, 3.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030961&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205E%20-%20Low%20Level%20Wind%20Shear%20Alert%20System%20-%20CLT-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5F - Weather Radar Data (item 47, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030962&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205F%20-%20Weather%20Radar%20Data-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5G - Calculations of Liquid Water Content, Rainfall Rate, and Percent of Water by Weight of Air (item 48, .PDF, 574 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442318&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205G%20-%20Calculations%20of%20Liquid%20Water%20Content,%20Rainfall%20Rate,%20and%20Percent%20of%20Water%20by%20Weight%20of%20Air-Redacted.PDF
- Meteorology 5H - Wind Vector and Alarm Plots Low Level Windshear Alert System CLT (item 49, .PDF, 971 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030964&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205H%20-%20Wind%20Vector%20and%20Alarm%20Plots%20Low%20Level%20Windshear%20Alert%20System%20CLT-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5I - NASA Weather Study (item 50, .PDF, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030965&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205I%20-%20NASA%20Weather%20Study-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5J - MIT Lincoln Laboratory CLT LLWAS Study (item 51, .PDF, 769 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030966&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205J%20-%20MIT%20Lincoln%20Laboratory%20CLT%20LLWAS%20Study-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5K - MIT Lincoln Laboratory ASR-9 Study (item 52, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030967&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205K%20-%20MIT%20Lincoln%20Laboratory%20ASR-9%20Study-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 53, .PDF, 2.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442319&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Survival Factors 6B - DeMary Interview (item 54, .PDF, 547 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442320&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206B%20-%20DeMary%20Interview-Redacted.PDF
- Survival Factors 6C - Forcht Interview (item 55, .PDF, 195 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442321&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206C%20-%20Forcht%20Interview-Redacted.PDF
- Survival Factors 6D - Markwith Interview (item 56, .PDF, 352 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442322&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206D%20-%20Markwith%20Interview-Redacted.PDF
- Survival Factors 6E - Passenger Manifest (item 57, .PDF, 91 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030972&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206E%20-%20Passenger%20Manifest-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6F - Passenger Questionnaire (item 58, .PDF, 970 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442323&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206F%20-%20Passenger%20Questionnaire-Redacted.PDF
- Survival Factors 6I - USAir Passenger Service Manual (item 59, .PDF, 121 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442324&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206I%20-%20USAir%20Passenger%20Service%20Manual-Redacted.PDF
- Survival Factors 6J - Van Godwy Paper (item 60, .PDF, 556 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030975&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206J%20-%20Van%20Godwy%20Paper-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 1. View of initial impact area as seen from the flight path. (item 61, .PDF, 40 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030976&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%201.%20View%20of%20initial%20impact%20area%20as%20seen%20from%20the%20flight%20path.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 2. Photo of wooded area located approximately midway along the impact area. (item 62, .PDF, 63 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030977&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%202.%20Photo%20of%20wooded%20area%20located%20approximately%20midway%20along%20the%20impact%20area.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 3. Aerial view of primary wreckage located on both the east and west side Wallace Neel Rd. (item 63, .PDF, 58 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030978&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%203.%20Aerial%20view%20of%20primary%20wreckage%20located%20on%20both%20the%20east%20and%20west%20side%20Wallace%20Neel%20Rd.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 4. View looking west across Wallace Neel Rd. (item 64, .PDF, 50 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030979&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%204.%20View%20looking%20west%20across%20Wallace%20Neel%20Rd.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 5. Wreckage of the cockpit which came to rest on Wallace Neel Rd. (item 65, .PDF, 45 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030980&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%205.%20Wreckage%20of%20the%20cockpit%20which%20came%20to%20rest%20on%20Wallace%20Neel%20Rd.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 6. View looking forward toward the forward flight attendant jumpseat and cockpit. (item 66, .PDF, 47 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030981&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%206.%20View%20looking%20forward%20toward%20the%20forward%20flight%20attendant%20jumpseat%20and%20cockpit.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 7. View of left side first class cabin. (item 67, .PDF, 47 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030982&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%207.%20View%20of%20left%20side%20first%20class%20cabin.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 8. Wreckage of forward cabin rows 3 to 10 at rest against two large oak trees. (item 68, .PDF, 58 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030983&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%208.%20Wreckage%20of%20forward%20cabin%20rows%203%20to%2010%20at%20rest%20against%20two%20large%20oak%20trees.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 9. Wreckage of overwing area seat rows 11 to 14. (item 69, .PDF, 54 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030984&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%209.%20Wreckage%20of%20overwing%20area%20seat%20rows%2011%20to%2014.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 10. Wreckage of aft cabin and tail section were it came to rest against the carport at 4228 Wallace Neel Rd. (item 70, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030985&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%2010.%20Wreckage%20of%20aft%20cabin%20and%20tail%20section%20were%20it%20came%20to%20rest%20against%20the%20carport%20at%204228%20Wallace%20Neel%20Rd.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 11. View looking from the kitchen of 4228 Wallace Neel Rd. into aft cabin area rows 19, 20, and 21 were found intact. (item 71, .PDF, 42 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030986&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%2011.%20View%20looking%20from%20the%20kitchen%20of%204228%20Wallace%20Neel%20Rd.%20into%20aft%20cabin%20area%20rows%2019,%2020,%20and%2021%20were%20found%20intact.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 12. View of aft cabin looking forward at rows 19, 20, and 21 of the right side of the cabin. (item 72, .PDF, 39 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030987&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%2012.%20View%20of%20aft%20cabin%20looking%20forward%20at%20rows%2019,%2020,%20and%2021%20of%20the%20right%20side%20of%20the%20cabin.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6K - Photo 13. View of aft cabin area looking forward at seat rows 19, 20, and 21 on the left. (item 73, .PDF, 41 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030988&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206K%20-%20Photo%2013.%20View%20of%20aft%20cabin%20area%20looking%20forward%20at%20seat%20rows%2019,%2020,%20and%2021%20on%20the%20left.-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6L - Occupant Injury Chart (item 74, .PDF, 561 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030989&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206L%20-%20Occupant%20Injury%20Chart-Master.PDF
- Structures 7A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 75, .PDF, 360 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442325&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Structures%207A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Powerplants 8A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 76, .PDF, 265 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442326&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Powerplants%208A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Powerplants 8B - Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Group JT8D-7 Engine (item 77, .PDF, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030992&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Powerplants%208B%20-%20Pratt%20%26%20Whitney%20Aircraft%20Group%20JT8D-7%20Engine-Master.PDF
- Systems 9A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 78, .PDF, 913 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442327&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Systems 9B - Analysis of USAir Flight 1016 (item 79, .PDF, 905 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030994&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209B%20-%20Analysis%20of%20USAir%20Flight%201016-Master.PDF
- Systems 9C - Windshear Warning Systems Documents (item 80, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442328&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209C%20-%20Windshear%20Warning%20Systems%20Documents-Redacted.PDF
- Systems 9D - NASA Windshear Report (item 81, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030996&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209D%20-%20NASA%20Windshear%20Report-Master.PDF
- Systems 9E - Honeywell Windshear System Description (item 82, .PDF, 182 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40030997&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%209E%20-%20Honeywell%20Windshear%20System%20Description-Master.PDF
- Flight Data Recorder 10A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 83, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442329&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Flight%20Data%20Recorder%2010A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Cockpit Voice Recorder 12A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 84, .PDF, 797 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442330&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Cockpit%20Voice%20Recorder%2012A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 85, .PDF, 4.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442331&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Redacted.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13B - Supplement I to Airplane Performance Study (item 86, .PDF, 270 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031000&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013B%20-%20Supplement%20I%20to%20Airplane%20Performance%20Study-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13B - Supplement I Radar Derived Groundtrack #1 (item 87, .PDF, 32 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031001&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013B%20-%20Supplement%20I%20%20%20Radar%20Derived%20Groundtrack%20%231-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13B - Supplement I Radar Derived Groundtrack #1a (item 88, .PDF, 34 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031002&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013B%20-%20Supplement%20I%20%20%20Radar%20Derived%20Groundtrack%20%231a-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13B - Supplement I Radar Derived Groundtrack #1b (item 89, .PDF, 34 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031003&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013B%20-%20Supplement%20I%20%20%20Radar%20Derived%20Groundtrack%20%231b-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13C - DC-9 Simulation Data (item 90, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031004&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013C%20-%20DC-9%20Simulation%20Data-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13D - Report of Effects of Heavy Rain (item 91, .PDF, 2.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031005&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013D%20-%20Report%20of%20Effects%20of%20Heavy%20Rain-Master.PDF
- Human Performance 14A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 92, .PDF, 438 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031006&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Human%20Performance%2014A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF
- Human Performance 14B - USAir CRM (item 93, .PDF, 2.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031007&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Human%20Performance%2014B%20-%20USAir%20CRM-Master.PDF
- Human Performance 14C - Article Regarding Decision Making by Dr. Judith Orasanu (item 94, .PDF, 2.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031008&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Human%20Performance%2014C%20-%20Article%20Regarding%20Decision%20Making%20by%20Dr.%20Judith%20Orasanu-Master.PDF
- Human Performance 14D - USAir Flight 1016 Departure Papers (item 95, .PDF, 327 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442332&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Human%20Performance%2014D%20-%20USAir%20Flight%201016%20Departure%20Papers-Redacted.PDF
- Human Performance 14E - Article by Dr. Judith Orasanu Regarding Theory of Decision Making (item 96, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031010&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Human%20Performance%2014E%20-%20Article%20by%20Dr.%20Judith%20Orasanu%20Regarding%20Theory%20of%20Decision%20Making-Master.PDF
- Airports/ARFF 15A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 97, .PDF, 505 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031011&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airports%2FARFF%2015A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF
- Materials 15B - FAA Form 5010 (item 98, .PDF, 387 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442333&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%2015B%20-%20FAA%20Form%205010-Redacted.PDF
- Materials 15C - ARFF and Fire Truck Descriptions (item 99, .PDF, 117 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031013&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%2015C%20-%20ARFF%20and%20Fire%20Truck%20Descriptions-Master.PDF
- Materials 15D - Incident Command and EMS Site Sketches (item 100, .PDF, 125 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442334&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%2015D%20-%20Incident%20Command%20and%20EMS%20Site%20Sketches-Redacted.PDF
- Materials 15E - CFD, EMS and Hospital Time Records (item 101, .PDF, 567 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442335&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%2015E%20-%20CFD,%20EMS%20and%20Hospital%20Time%20Records-Redacted.PDF
- Materials 15F - CFD Radio Transcripts (item 102, .PDF, 540 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031016&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%2015F%20-%20CFD%20Radio%20Transcripts-Master.PDF
- Materials 15G - 9-1-1 Telephone Transcripts (item 103, .PDF, 372 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031017&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%2015G%20-%209-1-1%20%20Telephone%20Transcripts-Master.PDF
- Airports/ARFF 16A - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 104, .PDF, 591 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031018&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airports%2FARFF%2016A%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF
- Public Hearing Transcript 09/19/94 - 235 pages (item 105, .PDF, 9.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031019&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Public%20Hearing%20Transcript%2009%2F19%2F94%20-%20235%20pages-Master.PDF
- Public Hearing Transcript 09/20/95 - 296 pages (item 106, .PDF, 7.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031020&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Public%20Hearing%20Transcript%2009%2F20%2F95%20-%20296%20pages-Master.PDF
- Public Hearing Transcript 09/25/95 - 334 pages (item 107, .PDF, 15.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031021&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Public%20Hearing%20Transcript%2009%2F25%2F95%20-%20334%20pages-Master.PDF
- Public Hearing Transcript 09/22/94 - 248 pages (item 108, .PDF, 10.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031022&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Public%20Hearing%20Transcript%2009%2F22%2F94%20-%20248%20pages-Master.PDF
- Party Submissions #1 (item 109, .PDF, 11.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031023&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Party%20Submissions%20%231-Master.PDF
- Comments on Vigilance by the Crew of USAir 1016 (DC-9), Charlotte, NC, July 2, 1994 (item 110, .PDF, 766 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40031024&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Comments%20on%20Vigilance%20by%20the%20Crew%20of%20USAir%201016%20(DC-9),%20Charlotte,%20NC,%20July%202,%201994-Master.PDF

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.