# NTSB DEN01LA039: Cessna 152, N108ES, Spanish Fork, UT, January 7, 2001 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: January 6, 2001, 19:00 local (Jan 7, 2001, 02:00 UTC) - Place: Spanish Fork, UT - Coordinates: 40.184444, -111.70333 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.1844&lon=-111.7033&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 1 minor - Status: Completed, report July 30, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: FAA Flight Standards District Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 50889 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=DEN01LA039 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/50889/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN01LA039 ## Probable cause Improper weather evaluation by both the pilot and pilot/passenger, and the pilot's inadvertent VFR flight into IMC resulting in his spatial disorientation. Factors were the pilot rated passenger's spatial disorientation, fog, and night conditions. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight encounter with weather, takeoff - initial climb - weather evaluation - improper, flightcrew (cause) - weather condition - fog (contributing factor) - vfr flight into imc - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) - spatial disorientation, pilot in command (contributing factor) - spatial disorientation, pilot passenger (cause) - light condition - night (contributing factor) - In flight collision with terrain/water, maneuvering - terrain condition - water,frozen ## Analysis The pilot reported that he and pilot-rated passenger assessed the weather conditions before departing on the local night flight, and determined it was safe to fly. The pilot estimated the visibility to be 5 miles. Shortly after takeoff, both the pilot and pilot rated passenger lost sight of the ground and horizon. The pilot wrote, "I felt the passenger/pilot grab the [control] yoke. I asked what he was doing. He said he felt we were turning. I then noticed we were going down." The pilot-rated passenger said they were "disoriented. [The pilot] thought we should descend a little. That's what we were doing when we hit the lake. We didn't really see it coming." He made no mention of control interference. Neither pilot was instrument rated. The airplane impacted a frozen lake, skidded about 300 feet, and fell through the ice. A witness reported that the visibility was 2 miles in fog. ## Factual narrative On January 6, 2001, approximately 1900 mountain standard time, N108ES, a Cessna 152, owned and operated by the pilot, collided with a frozen lake near Spanish Fork, Utah. The private pilot was seriously injured and his pilot rated passenger received minor injuries. Night instrument meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed for the personal flight being conducted under Title 14 CFR Part 91. The flight originated at Spanish Fork immediately prior ro the accident. According to the pilot's accident report and a subsequent written statement, he said the pilot-rated passenger was interested in purchasing his airplane and the flight was for demonstration purposes. The two pilots assessed the weather conditions, "We had 5 miles visibility as we could see the lights in town and the moon above," and "we both determined" it was safe to fly "as we had five miles visibility." The pilot wrote that shortly after departure, "At 300 feet [above the runway] we lost visibility. I continued to climb on runway heading" when the pilot rated passenger grabbed the [control] yoke. I asked what he was doing. He said he felt we were turning. I then noticed we were going down. In the ensuing struggle," the airplane collided with frozen Utah Lake, skidded about 300 feet, then fell through the ice near Sandy Beach. The pilot rated passenger told rescuers, "I don't know if we flew into a cloud or what. All of a sudden, we couldn't see the lights on the ground anymore. We were disoriented. [The pilot] thought we should descend a little. That's what we were doing when we hit the lake. We didn't really see it coming." In his written statement the pilot rated passenger said that during the initial climb, "I remember looking out and seeing the lights on the ground. As I recall, we turned left crosswind and I could still see the ground. Shortly thereafter, probably on the downwind leg, I lost sight of the ground. I remember asking him what the airport elevation was and he said about 4,500 feet (4,529 feet). The last altimeter reading I recall was around 5,500 feet. We started to descend to get out of the fog but the situation was very disorienting as neither of us was instrument rated." The passenger assisted the seriously injured pilot out of the airplane. While the pilot clung to the airplane's wing, which remained above the water, the passenger walked across the lake's thin ice, then waded through water towards the rotating beacon at Provo, Utah, Municipal Airport, about 2 miles away. He arrived at the airport about 2030. The pilot was rescued approximately 2300. According to rescuers, the pilot was hypothermic, had fractured both ankles, and had sustained a serious head injury. Provo airport personnel said the visibility was "really low. . .about 2 miles" in fog. Neither pilot was instrument rated. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N108ES](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N108ES-2003-04-09), registration cancelled 2003-04-09, S/N 15279931, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 152 - Registry model: [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152) (registry code 2071835) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15279931 - Airframe hours: 8500 - Engines: Lycoming O-235-L2C(M) 125 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Gary W. Bushnell - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, November 25, 2000, 7 hours before - Departed: U77, Spanish Fork, UT ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; injuries: serious; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review October 1, 2000; seat: left; flight hours: 662 total, 500 in this make and model, 614 as pilot in command, 30 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Night - Visibility: 2 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,000 ft - Temperature: 23 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20010106000209A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20010106000209A), Jan 6, 2001: Cessna 152, Provo, UT, No damage. (-23)A/c departed rwy 30 @spanish fork, Utah at approx. 1900 MST, during climb out encountered unknown fog area. VFR rated pilots lost orientation and… ## Other investigations on N108ES (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB SEA92LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA92LA111), May 30, 1992: Cessna 152 (N108ES), Mt. Pleasant, UT, substantial damage. Probable cause: THE PILOT IN COMMAND'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: WEATHER (GUSTS) AND TERRAIN (BERM). From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.