# NTSB DFW08FA204: Cessna 182, N214MT, Cassville, MO, August 10, 2008 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: August 10, 2008, 14:00 local (19:00 UTC) - Place: Cassville, MO - Coordinates: 36.686389, -93.703887 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.6864&lon=-93.7039&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report June 17, 2010 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Cessna Aircraft Company, FAA Kansas City FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 68668 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=DFW08FA204 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/68668/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=68668 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW08FA204 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane after an inadvertent encounter with instrument meteorological conditions resulting in the subsequent impact with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's self-induced pressure to conduct the flight. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Action: lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 792 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md) - [Personality/attitude: motivation/respond to pressure](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021025): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021025/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 53 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021025/cases.md) - [Ceiling/visibility/precip: low ceiling](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 190 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md) - [Experience/qualifications: qualification/certification](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031010): Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge · Pilot; cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031010/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 280 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 17 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Post-impact: Fire/smoke (post-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170/sequence.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 354 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170/sequence.md) ## Analysis Prior to the flight, the non-instrument rated private pilot had three contacts with the pre-flight weather briefer at the automated flight Service Station (AFSS) for a planned visual flight rules (VFR) return flight to his home. According to statements made to a friend, the pilot expected the weather conditions to quickly improve once he got approximately 30 miles from the departure airport. The pilot had told several persons that he intended to make an important business flight in that airplane to another location on the following day. After departure, the airplane encountered instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) in an area of rising terrain. A witness near the accident scene saw the airplane come out of the bottom of overcast clouds in a nose down dive. The airplane impacted terrain and was destroyed by a post-impact fire. No pre-crash anomalies were noted with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On August 10, 2008, approximately 1400 central standard time (CST), a Cessna 182T, N214MT, was destroyed when it impacted terrain near Cassville, Missouri. The private pilot, who was the only occupant, was fatally injured. The airplane was owned by 733 LLC of Kansas City, Missouri and was operated by the pilot. Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) prevailed at the time of the accident and a flight plan had not been filed for the Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The flight departed Turkey Mountain Estates Airport (MO00), Shell Knob, Missouri, at approximately 1355, and was destined for Lee's Summit Municipal Airport (LXT) Lee’s Summit, Missouri. The pilot telephoned the automated flight service station (AFSS) pre-flight weather briefer beginning at about 0600 and had three different conversations on the morning of the accident. All of those conversations between the pilot and the AFSS briefer concerned the weather conditions for a planned visual flight rules (VFR) flight from the MO00 airport to the LXT airport. A family member who had been with the pilot that weekend near MO00 said that the pilot really wanted to get back home that Sunday because he had been planning for a flight in his airplane for a business trip to Oklahoma City on the following day. A friend, who regularly flew with the pilot, said it had rained on Sunday morning and he and tried to convince the pilot not to go. He called the pilot at 1000 and told him that if he wanted to drive back to his home (near the LXT airport) that “I could ferry his airplane back for him later that week”. The pilot told the friend that he saw the weather on TV and thought it was getting better to the north. During another phone call at 1338 the pilot said the ceiling at Monett was 3,000 feet and he thought he would be in the clear when he got past Monett. A witness approximately one mile south of the accident site heard an airplane “really low” that sounded like it was directly overhead and hidden in the clouds. As the witness was looking toward the sound she saw an airplane come out of the clouds “tail up” in a “nose down dive”. The witness saw smoke immediately after the airplane passed behind the trees and she called 9-1-1. At approximately 1420 first responders located the airplane wreckage in forested hilly terrain approximately 7 miles north-northwest of the MO00 airport. Fuel records were not provided; however, persons familiar with the pilot’s behavioral patterns said that he had probably last refueled the airplane at the LXT airport several days before the accident. It was estimated that the airplane had approximately 50 to 60 gallons of fuel on board at the time of the accident. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot, age 77, held a private pilot certificate with an airplane single-engine land rating. He was not instrument rated. The pilot was issued a third-class medical certificate on September 27, 2006, with a restriction that he must wear corrective lenses. At that time, the pilot reported that he had accrued 464 flight hours. The pilot’s most recent biennial flight review (BFR) was dated February 22, 2007. The pilot's logbook was not located during the investigation. According to FAA records, company flight usage logs, aircraft maintenance records, and statements from family members and friends, it was estimated that the pilot had logged approximately 560 hours, of which approximately 400 hours were in the accident airplane, and approximately 25 hours were accrued in the preceding 90 days. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION N214MT (s.n. 18281160), a model 182T, was manufactured by the Cessna Aircraft Company in 2002. It was a high-wing, 4-place, single engine land airplane, powered by a Lycoming IO-540-AB1A5 engine (s.n. L-28474-48A), rated at 230 horsepower, driving a McCauley 3-blade, constant speed, aluminum alloy propeller. The airplane was issued a standard airworthiness certificate on September 26, 2002, in the normal category. The airplane was registered to the owner on June 22, 2004. A review of the airplane maintenance records disclosed the last annual inspection was dated December 12, 2007, at a total airframe time of 416 hours. The airplane was equipped with an autopilot, global positioning system (GPS), ground proximity warning system (GPWS), and was certificated for instrument flight. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The National Weather Service (NWS) Surface Analysis chart at 1300 depicted a low pressure system and a frontal wave developing over Oklahoma, moving northeastward and producing an extensive area of low ceilings and visibilities in rain and fog. The geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) -12 visible satellite imagery confirmed low broken to overcast clouds extending over the departure airport and the accident site. The NWS had issued an airmen’s meteorological information (AIRMET) current over the region for instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions, which were expected to continue until 1200 to 1400 over the region. Observations surrounding the area indicated IFR to marginal visual flight rules (MVFR) conditions prevailed at the time of the accident, with conditions becoming VFR further north over southern Missouri in the Springfield area 36 miles northeast of the accident site. At approximately 1330 a pilot witness had departed from the MO00 airport. During his westbound flight he reported a few isolated thin clouds at approximately 1,500 feet mean sea level (MSL) with broken to overcast clouds at approximately 2,500 feet MSL to 3,000 feet MSL and in-flight visibility of 10 miles. He said the clouds to the north were darker and the bases were "ragged and spotty". He estimated the bases of those clouds to the north were also at about 1,500 feet MSL. At 1350, the automated surface observing system (ASOS) at Rogers Municipal Airport (ROG), Rogers, Arkansas, located approximately 27 miles east of the accident site, reported the wind from 070 degrees at 8 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, scattered clouds at 1,000 feet, broken clouds at 1,600 feet, overcast clouds at 2,300 feet, temperature 23 degrees Celsius, dew point 21 degrees Celsius, and an altimeter setting of 29.92 inches of Mercury. The elevation of the reporting station at ROG is 1,359 feet MSL. At 1353, the automated surface observing system (ASOS) at Boone County Airport (HRO), Harrison, Arkansas, located approximately 37 miles southeast of the accident site, reported the wind from 100 degrees at 8 knots, visibility 1 and ¼ statute miles in light rain and mist, overcast clouds at 400 feet, temperature 20 degrees Celsius, dew point 19 degrees Celsius, and an altimeter setting of 29.96 inches of Mercury. The elevation of the reporting station at HRO is 1,365 feet MSL. At 1355, the automated surface observing system (ASOS) at Springfield Branson National Airport (SGF), Springfield, Missouri, located approximately 36 miles northeast of the accident site, reported the wind from 110 degrees at 13 knots, visibility 10 statute miles few clouds at 2400 feet, broken clouds at 3,200 feet, and overcast clouds at 3,900 feet, temperature 25 degrees Celsius, dew point 19 degrees Celsius, and an altimeter setting of 29.95 inches of Mercury. The elevation of the reporting station at SGF is 1,268 feet MSL. At 1352, the automated surface observing system (ASOS) at Monett Municipal Airport (M5B), Monett, Missouri, located approximately 47 miles northwest of the accident site, reported the wind from 100 degrees at 6 knots, gusting to 14 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, scattered clouds at 1,700 feet, and overcast clouds at 2,800 feet, temperature 23 degrees Celsius, dew point 20 degrees Celsius, and an altimeter setting of 29.91 inches of Mercury. The elevation of the reporting station at M5B is 1,314 feet MSL. A witness located approximately one mile south of the accident loc ## Aircraft - Registration: [N214MT](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N214MT-2017-05-22), registration cancelled 2017-05-22, S/N 18281160, built 2002 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182 (T) - Registry model: [Cessna 182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182t) (registry code 2072703) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-540-series) (registry code 41530, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18281160 - Airframe hours: 416 - Engines: LYCOMING IO540 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 12, 2007 - Departed: MO00, Shell Knob, MO - Destination: K84, LEE'S SUMMIT, MO - Airport: MO00, Turkey Mountain Estates ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 77; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review February 22, 2007; seat: left; flight hours: 480 total, 400 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 100° at 8 knots - Visibility: 1 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 400 ft overcast - Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 29.95 inHg - Observed at: KROG, 27 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20080810843719A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20080810843719A), Aug 10, 2008: Cessna 182T, Hailey Hollow, MO, Destroyed, 1 fatal. (-23) Shortly after takeoff from an uncontrolled airport with clouds at about 1000 feet AGL, the pilot encountered rising terrain about 500 feet above airport… ## Docket (23 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 26, 2010, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=68668. 13.1 MB in all. - 61.56 Flight Review Records Reconstructed From FAA and From CFI Records (item 1, .PDF, 985 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328595&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=61.56%20Flight%20Review%20Records%20Reconstructed%20From%20FAA%20and%20From%20CFI%20Records-Redacted.PDF - Maintenance Records -Selected Pages (item 2, .PDF, 366 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328594&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Records%20-Selected%20Pages-Redacted.PDF - Witness Interview 1 - Roger Pinnell (item 3, .PDF, 27 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328563&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Interview%201%20-%20Roger%20Pinnell-Master.PDF - Witness Interview 2 - Pat Reardon (item 4, .PDF, 25 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328564&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Interview%202%20-%20Pat%20Reardon-Master.PDF - Witness Interview 3 - Melba Henson (item 5, .PDF, 25 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328565&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Interview%203%20-%20Melba%20Henson-Master.PDF - Witness Interview 4 - Family Members (item 6, .PDF, 25 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328566&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Interview%204%20-%20Family%20Members-Master.PDF - Map 1 - Planned Flight Route (item 7, .PDF, 530 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328559&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Map%201%20-%20Planned%20Flight%20Route-Master.PDF - Map 2 - MO00 Airport and Accident Location (item 8, .PDF, 137 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328560&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Map%202%20-%20MO00%20Airport%20and%20Accident%20Location-Master.PDF - Map 3 - Accident Location and Witness Location (item 9, .PDF, 163 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328561&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Map%203%20-%20Accident%20Location%20and%20Witness%20Location-Master.PDF - Map 4 - Wreckage Diagram (item 10, .PDF, 13 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328562&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Map%204%20-%20Wreckage%20Diagram-Master.PDF - Weather Reports and Records (item 11, .PDF, 325 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328824&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports%20and%20Records-Master.PDF - Summary of Pre-flight Contacts with AFSS (item 12, .PDF, 27 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328593&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Summary%20of%20Pre-flight%20Contacts%20with%20AFSS-Master.PDF - Photo 1 - Precrash photo of N214MT (item 13, .PDF, 606 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328556&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20-%20Precrash%20photo%20of%20N214MT-Master.PDF - Photo 2 - Main Wreckage (item 14, .PDF, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328596&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20-%20Main%20Wreckage-Master.PDF - Photo 3 - Main Wreckage (item 15, .PDF, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328570&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%20-%20Main%20Wreckage-Master.PDF - Photo 4 - Main Wreckage (item 16, .PDF, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328571&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204%20-%20Main%20Wreckage-Master.PDF - Photo 5 - Right Wing (item 17, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328572&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205%20%20-%20Right%20Wing-Master.PDF - Photo 6 - Tree contacted by Right Wing (item 18, .PDF, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328573&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206%20-%20Tree%20contacted%20by%20Right%20Wing-Master.PDF - Photo 7 - Engine (item 19, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328574&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207%20-%20Engine-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 20, .PDF, 120 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328576&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF - State Highway Patrol Report of Aircraft Accident (item 21, .PDF, 74 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328551&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=State%20Highway%20Patrol%20Report%20of%20Aircraft%20Accident-Redacted.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 22, .PDF, 108 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328577&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF - Correspondence - Roger Pinnell (item 23, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328579&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Correspondence%20-%20Roger%20Pinnell-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.