# NTSB ERA09MA447: Piper PA-32R-300, N71MC, Hoboken, NJ, August 8, 2009

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report
- Date: August 8, 2009, 11:53 local (15:53 UTC)
- Place: Hoboken, NJ
- Coordinates: 40.743331, -74.021667 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.7433&lon=-74.0217&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining events: [Enroute-cruise: Midair collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250); [Enroute-cruise: Midair collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250)
- Highest injury: Fatal
- Injuries: 9 fatal
- Status: Completed, report October 25, 2010
- Report: Board-adopted at Board Meeting
- Investigation class: Class 1
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: Liberty Helicopters, Piper, FAA AAI-100
- Safety recommendations: Yes
- NTSB case key (mKey): 74473
- NTSB case page: https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Pages/ERA09MA447.aspx
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/74473/pdf
- Board report AAR1005 (PDF): https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR1005.pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=74473
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA09MA447

## Probable cause (aircraft 2)

(1) the inherent limitations of the see-and-avoid concept, which made it difficult for the airplane pilot to see the helicopter until the final seconds before the collision, and (2) the Teterboro Airport local controller’s nonpertinent telephone conversation, which distracted him from his air traffic control (ATC) duties, including correcting the airplane pilot’s read back of the Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) tower frequency and the timely transfer of communications for the accident airplane to the EWR tower. Contributing to this accident were (1) both pilots’ ineffective use of available information from their aircraft’s electronic traffic advisory system to maintain awareness of nearby aircraft, (2) inadequate Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) procedures for transfer of communications among ATC facilities near the Hudson River Class B exclusion area; and (3) FAA regulations that did not provide adequate vertical separation for aircraft operating in the Hudson River Class B exclusion area.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540): Personnel issues › Psychological · Not specified (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 231 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md)
- [Attention/monitoring: attention](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510): Personnel issues › Psychological · ATC personnel (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 226 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510/cases.md)
- [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md)
- [Policy/procedure: adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015): Organizational issues › Management · ATC (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 106 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md)
- [Policy/procedure: adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015): Organizational issues › Management · FAA/Regulator (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 106 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md)
- [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540): Personnel issues › Psychological · Not specified (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md?model=8680955), [All aircraft, 231 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md)
- [Attention/monitoring: attention](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510): Personnel issues › Psychological · ATC personnel (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510/cases.md?model=8680955), [All aircraft, 226 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510/cases.md)
- [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=8680955), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md)
- [Policy/procedure: adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015): Organizational issues › Management · ATC (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md?model=8680955), [All aircraft, 106 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md)
- [Policy/procedure: adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015): Organizational issues › Management · FAA/Regulator (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md?model=8680955), [All aircraft, 106 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Enroute-cruise: Midair collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250) (defining event), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250/sequence.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 196 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250/sequence.md)
- [Enroute-cruise: Midair collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250) (defining event), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250/sequence.md?model=8680955), [All aircraft, 196 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250/sequence.md)

## Analysis (aircraft 2)

The Safety Board’s full report is available at http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2010/AAR1005.htm The Aircraft Accident Report number is NTSB/AAR-10/05. On August 8, 2009, at 1153:14 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-32R-300 airplane, N71MC, and a Eurocopter AS350BA helicopter, N401LH, operated by Liberty Helicopters, collided over the Hudson River near Hoboken, New Jersey. The pilot and two passengers aboard the airplane and the pilot and five passengers aboard the helicopter were killed, and both aircraft received substantial damage from the impact. The airplane flight was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91, and the helicopter flight was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Parts 135 and 136. No flight plans were filed or were required for either flight, and visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident.

## Factual narrative (aircraft 2)

The Safety Board’s full report is available at http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2010/AAR1005.htm The Aircraft Accident Report number is NTSB/AAR-10/05. On August 8, 2009, at 1153:14 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-32R-300 airplane, N71MC, and a Eurocopter AS350BA helicopter, N401LH, operated by Liberty Helicopters, collided over the Hudson River near Hoboken, New Jersey. The pilot and two passengers aboard the airplane and the pilot and five passengers aboard the helicopter were killed, and both aircraft received substantial damage from the impact. The airplane flight was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91, and the helicopter flight was operating under the provisions of 14 CFR Parts 135 and 136. No flight plans were filed or were required for either flight, and visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident.

## Aircraft 1

- Registration: [N71MC](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N71MC-2011-09-28), registration cancelled 2011-09-28, S/N 32R-7680172, built 1976 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: PIPER PA-32R-300
- Registry model: [Piper PA-32R-300](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32r-300) (registry code 7103213) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 32R-7680172
- Airframe hours: 4505
- Engines: LYCOMING TIO-540 300 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Operator: Steven M Altman
- Registered owner: Lca Partnership
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Annual, April 2, 2009
- Departed: TEB, Teterboro, NJ
- Destination: 26N, Ocean City, NJ

## Aircraft 2

- Registration: [N401LH](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N401LH-2013-08-13), registration cancelled 2013-08-13, S/N 3059, built 1997 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: EUROCOPTER AS 350 BA
- Registry model: [Eurocopter AS 350 BA](https://openairdocs.org/model/eurocopter-as-350-ba) (registry code 8680955) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Turbomeca ARRIEL-1SER](https://openairdocs.org/engine/turbomeca-arriel-1ser) (registry code 60030, turbo-shaft) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Helicopter
- Serial number: 3059
- Airframe hours: 13095
- Engines: TURBOMECA ARRIEL 1B 681 horsepower turbo shaft
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Part 135
- Operator: Liberty Helicopters
- Registered owner: Meridian Consulting I Corp Inc
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, August 2, 2009, 23 hours before
- Departed: JRA, New York, NY
- Destination: JRA, New York, NY

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot, aircraft N71MC; age 60; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 12, 2008; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,121 total, 834 in this make and model, 1,041 as pilot in command, 18 in the last 90 days, 1 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours
- Pilot, aircraft N401LH; age 32; injuries: fatal; commercial, flight instructor; instrument ratings: helicopter; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 24, 2009; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 3,150 total, 1,198 in this make and model, 2,728 as pilot in command, 189 in the last 90 days, 76 in the last 30 days, 8 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: variable at 3 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 75 °F, dew point 45 °F
- Altimeter: 30.22 inHg
- Observed at: TEB, 7 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (2)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20090808017862A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20090808017862A), Aug 8, 2009: Piper PA32R300, Hoboken, NJ, Destroyed, 2 fatal. PIPER LANCE N71MC AND EUROCOPTER N401LH WERE DESTROYED WHEN THEY COLLIDED IN MIDAIR OVER THE HUDSON RIVER NEaR HOBOKEN, NJ. THE COLLISION KILLED THE PILOT AND…
- [Accident 20090808017851A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20090808017851A), Aug 8, 2009: Snias AS350BA, Hoboken, NJ, Destroyed, 9 fatal. A Eurocopter AS350BA helicopter, N401LH,operated by liberty helicopters flight tours and a privately operated Piper lance, N71MC, were destroyed following a…

## Docket (41 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 28, 2010, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=74473. 35.3 MB in all.

- Airworthiness Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 1, .PDF, 113 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323111&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airworthiness%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF
- Airworthiness - Attachment 1 - Photos & Figures (item 2, .PDF, 839 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323112&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airworthiness%20-%20Attachment%201%20-%20Photos%20%26%20Figures-Master.PDF
- Airworthiness - Attachment 2 - Helicopter Maintenance Records (item 3, .PDF, 2.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323141&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airworthiness%20-%20Attachment%202%20-%20Helicopter%20Maintenance%20Records-Redacted.PDF
- Airworthiness - Attachment 3 - Airplane Maintenance Records (item 4, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323140&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airworthiness%20-%20Attachment%203%20-%20Airplane%20Maintenance%20Records-Redacted.PDF
- Airworthiness - Addendum 1 (item 5, .PDF, 35 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328318&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airworthiness%20-%20Addendum%201-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (see errata dated 6/2/10) (item 6, .PDF, 203 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322536&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman%20(see%20errata%20dated%206%2F2%2F10)-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Errata 1 to the Factual Report dated 06/02/10 (item 7, .PDF, 13 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40330711&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Errata%201%20to%20the%20Factual%20Report%20dated%2006%2F02%2F10-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 1: Interview Summaries (item 8, .PDF, 241 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322729&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%201%3A%20%20Interview%20Summaries-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 2: Air Tour Safety Program LOA (item 9, .PDF, 151 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322538&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%202%3A%20%20Air%20Tour%20Safety%20Program%20LOA-Redacted.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 3: Air Tour Safety Program Tour Alpha (item 10, .PDF, 816 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322526&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%203%3A%20%20Air%20Tour%20Safety%20Program%20Tour%20Alpha-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 4: New York Terminal Area Chart (item 11, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322527&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%204%3A%20%20New%20York%20Terminal%20Area%20Chart-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 5: New York Helicopter Route Chart (item 12, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322528&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%205%3A%20%20New%20York%20Helicopter%20Route%20Chart-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 6: Record of FAA Enforcement Data (item 13, .PDF, 163 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322530&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%206%3A%20%20Record%20of%20FAA%20Enforcement%20Data-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 7: Record of FAA Accident/Incident Data (item 14, .PDF, 250 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40322531&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%207%3A%20%20Record%20of%20FAA%20Accident%2FIncident%20Data-Master.PDF
- Operations/Human Performance 2 - Attachment 8: IHST Checklist (item 15, .PDF, 244 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327415&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Operations%2FHuman%20Performance%202%20-%20Attachment%208%3A%20%20IHST%20Checklist-Master.PDF
- ATC 3 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 16, .PDF, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326931&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 1 - N71MC - Arrival Flight Progress Strip - TEB (item 17, .PDF, 15 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323327&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%201%20-%20N71MC%20-%20Arrival%20Flight%20Progress%20Strip%20-%20TEB-Master.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 2 - N71MC - Departure Flight Progress Strip - TEB (item 18, .PDF, 16 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323328&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%202%20-%20N71MC%20-%20Departure%20Flight%20Progress%20Strip%20-%20TEB-Master.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 3 - ATCT Tower Log - TEB - 08-08-09 (item 19, .PDF, 89 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323329&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%203%20-%20ATCT%20Tower%20Log%20-%20TEB%20-%2008-08-09-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 4 - EWR-TEB ATCT Letter Of Agreement (item 20, .PDF, 420 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323339&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%204%20-%20EWR-TEB%20ATCT%20Letter%20Of%20Agreement-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 5 -EWR ATCT Daily Record of Facility Operation (item 21, .PDF, 181 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327476&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%205%20%20-EWR%20ATCT%20Daily%20Record%20of%20Facility%20Operation-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 6 TEB ATCT Local Control Transcript (item 22, .PDF, 341 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323341&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%206%20TEB%20ATCT%20Local%20Control%20Transcript-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 7 TEB ATCT Clearance Delivery Transcript (item 23, .PDF, 50 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323350&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%207%20TEB%20ATCT%20Clearance%20Delivery%20Transcript-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 8 TEB ATCT Position Logs (item 24, .PDF, 147 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323351&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%208%20TEB%20ATCT%20Position%20Logs-Master.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 9 EWR CBA ATC Transcript (item 25, .PDF, 57 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323378&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%209%20EWR%20CBA%20ATC%20Transcript-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 10 - TEB ATCT Controller Statements (item 26, .PDF, 121 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323379&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%2010%20-%20TEB%20ATCT%20Controller%20Statements-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 11 - EWR ATCT Controller Statements (item 27, .PDF, 97 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323381&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%2011%20-%20EWR%20ATCT%20Controller%20Statements-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 12 - N71MC TEB FBO Meridian Ramp Receipt (item 28, .PDF, 64 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323414&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%2012%20-%20N71MC%20TEB%20FBO%20Meridian%20Ramp%20Receipt-Redacted.PDF
- ATC 3 - Attachment 13 - TEB ATCT LC Transcript from a 1129 to 1136 EDT recording (item 29, .PDF, 12 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328867&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%203%20-%20Attachment%2013%20-%20TEB%20ATCT%20LC%20Transcript%20from%20a%201129%20to%201136%20EDT%20recording-Master.PDF
- Survival Factors 6 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 30, .PDF, 379 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327420&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Survival%20Factors%206%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13 - Radar & Cockpit Visibility Study (item 31, .PDF, 6.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328141&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013%20-%20Radar%20%26%20Cockpit%20Visibility%20Study-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Performance 13 - ERRATA #1 to the Radar and Cockpit Visibility Study (item 32, .PDF, 5.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40335642&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Performance%2013%20-%20ERRATA%20%231%20to%20the%20Radar%20and%20Cockpit%20Visibility%20Study-Master.PDF
- Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 33, .PDF, 487 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327354&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF
- Witness Statements and Interviews (item 34, .PDF, 8.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40320138&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements%20and%20Interviews-Redacted.PDF
- Weather Report (item 35, .PDF, 65 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327355&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Report-Master.PDF
- Toxicological Reports (item 36, .PDF, 155 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327451&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Reports-Master.PDF
- Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (N71MC) (item 37, .PDF, 102 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40325159&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15%20(N71MC)-Redacted.PDF
- Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (N401LH) (item 38, .PDF, 93 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40325160&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15%20(N401LH)-Redacted.PDF
- Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 39, .PDF, 430 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40327378&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF
- Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 40, .PDF, 693 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40334565&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF
- Animation Description and Disclaimer (item 41, .PDF, 26 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40336192&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Animation%20Description%20and%20Disclaimer-Master.PDF

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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