# NTSB ERA10LA486: Piper PA-28R-200, N799SQ, Barnwell, SC, September 19, 2010 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 19, 2010, 12:30 local (16:30 UTC) - Place: Barnwell, SC - Coordinates: 33.258056, -81.387779 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.2581&lon=-81.3878&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 23, 2012 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 77336 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA10LA486 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/77336/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=77336 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA486 ## Probable cause The failure of the No. 1 connecting rod end cap for undetermined reasons, which resulted in a total loss of engine power. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine (reciprocating): recip engine power section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058520): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-200, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058520/cases.md?model=7102811), [All aircraft, 233 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058520/cases.md) - [Maintenance/inspections: time limits](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01010510): Aircraft › Aircraft handling/service · Not specified; cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-200, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01010510/cases.md?model=7102811), [All aircraft, 17 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01010510/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Initial climb: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-200, 32 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=7102811), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-200, 30 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=7102811), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-200, 45 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=7102811), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis After fueling the airplane and checking the engine oil quantity, the pilot and his passenger departed for their destination. During the initial climb, about 1,000 feet above mean sea level, the airplane began to make a loud banging noise and started to shake violently. The pilot looked at the oil pressure gauge and noticed that there was no oil pressure. The pilot then attempted to turn back to the airport but realized that he would be unable to reach it. He observed that there was a small field to his left so he chose to land the airplane in the field. There were a few small trees in the center of the field and he tried to clear them but was unable to do so. The airplane struck the trees and the wings separated from the fuselage. The airplane then impacted the ground, the landing gear separated from the airplane, and the airplane slid to a stop on its belly. A postaccident examination of the engine revealed that it contained oil and that the oil pump was functional. Further examination revealed that the end cap from the No. 1 connecting rod had broken. At the time of the accident the engine operating time had exceeded the manufacturer's recommended time between overhauls (TBO) by 79.1 hours, but it could not be determined why the end cap failed or if the exceedence of the recommended TBO contributed to the failure. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On September 19, 2010, about 1230 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-28R-200, N799SQ, was substantially damaged when it impacted terrain during a forced landing, following a total loss of engine power during initial climb. The certificated private pilot and his passenger were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight which departed from Barnwell Regional Airport (BNL), Barnwell, South Carolina, destined for Twin City Airport (5J9), Loris, South Carolina. No flight plan was filed for the personal flight conducted under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. According to the pilot, on the day of the accident he and his passenger had flown into BNL from Ocean Springs Airport (5R2), Ocean Springs, Mississippi. After fueling and checking the oil quantity, they departed for 5J9. At approximately 1,000 feet above mean sea level the airplane began to "make a load banging noise" and began to shake "violently." The pilot then looked at the oil pressure gauge and noticed that there was "no pressure." The pilot then attempted to turn back to the airport but realized that he would be unable to reach it. He observed that there was a small field to his left so he "chose to put the plane down." There were a few small trees in the center of the field and he "tried to clear them" but, was unable to do so. The airplane struck the trees, and the wings separated from the fuselage. The airplane then impacted the ground, the landing gear separated from the airplane, and the airplane slid to a stop on its belly. PERSONNEL INFORMATION According to FAA records, the pilot held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine-land and multi-engine-land. His most recent application for a FAA third-class medical certificate was on January 7, 2009. He reported 540 total hours of flight experience. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and maintenance records the airplane was manufactured in 1975 and was powered by a Lycoming IO-360-C1C engine. The airplane's most recent annual inspection was completed on June 4, 2010. At the time of the inspection, it had accumulated 4,583.4 total hours of operation. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION A weather observation taken about 5 minutes after the accident included; wind at 040 degrees at 8 knots, visibility 10 miles, a few clouds at 3,600 feet, temperature 29 degrees C, Dew point 18 degrees C, and an altimeter setting of 30.13 inches of mercury. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION A cursory examination of the airplane accident site by the FAA revealed that after striking trees the fuselage came to rest in an upright attitude 25 to 50 yards from where the wings had separated from their mounting locations. No attempt was made by the FAA to examine the engine. At the request of the NTSB, the engine was examined by an FAA certificated airframe and powerplant mechanic. During the examination it was revealed that oil was present in the engineand the oil pump was functional. Further examination revealed the presence of metal fragments in the oil. These metal fragments when cleaned were determined to be the remains of the No. 1 connecting rod bolts, and a portion of the No. 1 connecting rod end cap. TESTS AND RESEARCH Review of aircraft records revealed that the airplane had been brought in to the country from Canada in 2001. At the time the engine had already accrued 993.1 hours of operation since its last overhaul. At the time of the last annual inspection, the engine had accrued 2,079.1 hours of operation which was 79.1 hours greater than the engine manufacturer's recommended time between overhauls (TBO). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION According to Lycoming Service Instruction No.1009AU, which provides guidance regarding TBO, the TBO can be established on engines that incorporate Lycoming parts only, and are not applicable if the engine contains parts other than those supplied by Lycoming. Service experience, variations in operating conditions, and frequency of operation are some of the factors taken into consideration when a TBO is established. Because of variations in the manner in which engines are operated and maintained, Lycoming can give no assurance that any individual operator will achieve the recommended TBO. Additionally, Lycoming advises that continuous service assumes that the aircraft will not be out of service for any extended period of time. Engine deterioration in the form of corrosion (rust) and the drying out and hardening of composition materials such as gaskets, seals, flexible hoses and fuel pump diaphragms can occur if an engine is out of service for an extended period of time. Due to the loss of a protective oil film after an extended period of inactivity, abnormal wear on soft metal bearing surfaces can also occur during engine start. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N799SQ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N799SQ-2012-08-22), registration cancelled 2012-08-22, S/N 28R-7535349, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28R-200 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28R-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-200) (registry code 7102811) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 SER A&C](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-ser-a-c) (registry code 41511, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28R-7535349 - Airframe hours: 4583 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-360-C1C 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Palmetto Aviation Of Conway LLC - Registered owner: Palmetto Aviation Of Conway LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 4, 2010 - Departed: BNL, Barnwell, SC - Destination: 5J9, Loris, SC - Airport: BNL, Barnwell Regional Airport, runway 35, 5,119 × 100 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 61; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 5, 2010; seat: left; flight hours: 540 total, 300 in this make and model, 400 as pilot in command, 44 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 40° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 30.12 inHg - Observed at: BNL, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20100919051189A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20100919051189A), Sep 19, 2010: Piper PA-28R-200, Barnwell, SC, Substantial damage. On September 19, 2010, at approximately 1300L EDT, a Piper PA-28R-200, N799SQ, operated by a private individual, was substantially damaged during impact with… ## Docket (10 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 27, 2011, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=77336. 8.7 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 571 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360311&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statements and Interview Summaries (item 2, .PDF, 178 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360312&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements%20and%20Interview%20Summaries-Redacted.PDF - Weather Reports and Records (KBNL METARs) (item 3, .PDF, 101 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360313&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports%20and%20Records%20(KBNL%20METARs)-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 4, .PDF, 45 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360314&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF - Excerpts of Engine Maintenance Records (item 5, .PDF, 515 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360371&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Excerpts%20of%20Engine%20Maintenance%20Records-Redacted.PDF - Lycoming Service Instruction No. 1009AU (item 6, .PDF, 45 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360368&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Lycoming%20Service%20Instruction%20No.%201009AU-Master.PDF - Photograph of Accident Site (FAA) (item 7, .PDF, 2.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360354&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photograph%20of%20Accident%20Site%20(FAA)-Master.PDF - Close Up Photograph of Accident Site (FAA) (item 8, .PDF, 2.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360355&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Close%20Up%20Photograph%20of%20Accident%20Site%20(FAA)-Master.PDF - Photograph of Main Wreckage (FAA) (item 9, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360356&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photograph%20of%20Main%20Wreckage%20(FAA)-Master.PDF - Photograph of Recovered Engine Parts (NTSB) (item 10, .PDF, 828 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40360361&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photograph%20of%20Recovered%20Engine%20Parts%20(NTSB)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.