# NTSB ERA11FA426: Taylorcraft BL-65, N24369, Winterville, NC, July 28, 2011 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: July 28, 2011, 15:11 local (19:11 UTC) - Place: Winterville, NC - Coordinates: 35.482223, -77.354446 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.4822&lon=-77.3544&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report April 10, 2013 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 81267 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA11FA426 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/81267/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=81267 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA11FA426 ## Probable cause A loss of airplane control for undetermined reasons as the autopsy was unable to reveal any definitive conditions that would have led to the loss of control. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Taylorcraft BL-65, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=8850350), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Taylorcraft BL-65, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=8850350), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Taylorcraft BL-65, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=8850350), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis After a local flight, the vintage airplane was approaching the pilot's home airport on a very hot day (36 degrees C [97 degrees F]), and the cockpit was most likely hot as well. As the airplane approached perpendicular to the runway, it maintained a nose-down, left bank attitude, consistent with no further control inputs from the pilot. The airplane impacted the left side of runway, approximately one-third down the runway, pivoted 180 degrees, and came to rest about 20 feet from the initial impact point. Examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunctions. Although the autopsy report listed the cause of death as multiple injuries related to the crash, it also noted significant coronary artery disease and a tiny scar of the papillary muscle. Both suggested the possibility of a cardiac arrhythmia or heart attack that may have resulted in incapacitation. Additionally, the pilot's medical history revealed a vasovagal (fainting) episode due to nausea and vomiting about 2 years prior to the accident. Neither a vasovagal episode nor cardiac arrhythmia would have left any evidence for discovery during autopsy. As such, pilot incapacitation is possible in this accident because of the lack of control inputs as the airplane approached the runway. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 28, 2011, at 1511 eastern daylight time, a Taylorcraft BL-65, N24369, operated by a private individual, was substantially damaged when it impacted runway 25 during an attempted landing at South Oak Aerodrome (NC47), Winterville, North Carolina. The airline transport pilot was fatally injured. The personal flight was conducted under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed for the local flight, which departed NC47 about 1345. Runway 25 at NC47 was 1,850 feet long, 50 feet wide, and consisted of turf. According to surveillance video provided by the owner of a nearby residence, the airplane approached the runway from south to north in a nose-down, left-bank attitude, with no apparent additional control inputs. The airplane impacted the left side of runway 25, approximately one-third down the runway. It then pivoted 180 degrees and came to rest about 20 feet from initial impact. The wreckage was resting upright, on a heading of 150 degrees magnetic. The right main landing gear had partially separated and the airplane was resting on its right side. Ground scars were located about 20 feet from the wreckage, oriented about a 300-degree magnetic bearing to the wreckage. The shape, orientation, and distribution of the ground scars were consistent with the left wing and left main landing gear. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot, age 42, held an airline transport pilot certificate with a rating for airplane multiengine land. He also held a private pilot certificate with a rating for airplane-single engine land. The pilot's most recent Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) first-class medical certificate was issued on March 16, 2011. At that time, he reported a total flight experience of 11,800 hours. The pilot's logbook was recovered; however, it was not current and the most recent entry was dated March 18, 2010. The pilot's total flight experience or total hours in the accident airplane make and model could not be determined. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The two-seat, high-wing, fixed tricycle-landing gear airplane, serial number 1705, was manufactured in 1940. It was powered by a Continental A65-8, 65-horsepower engine. The airplane's maintenance logbooks were not located and the tachometer indicated 1,294.0 hours of operation. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION Pitt-Greenville Airport (PGV), Greenville, North Carolina was located about 10 miles north of the accident site. The recorded weather at PGV, at 1515, was: wind from 190 degrees at 4 knots; visibility 10 miles; scattered clouds at 7,000 feet; scattered clouds at 9,000 feet; temperature 36 degrees Celsius; dew point 17 degrees Celsius; altimeter 30.02 inches of mercury. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION Both wings remained attached to the airframe, with the ailerons attached to their respective wing. The left wing exhibited impact damage at the outboard leading edge and the right wing was not damaged. Theairplane was not equipped with flaps. The left aileron was found in a down position and the right aileron was up. The fuel caps remained secured to their respective wing fuel tanks, and approximately one-quarter tank of fuel remained in the right wing. No fuel remained in the left wing; however, the wing tanks were interconnected, which allowed fuel to drain from the left wing to the right wing and vice versa. Additionally, fuel was observed leaking from the engine compartment, in the vicinity of a damaged carburetor. The fuel displayed a brown tint, but was otherwise clear and had an appearance and smell consistent with automobile gasoline. Control continuity was confirmed from the cockpit controls to the rudder, elevator, elevator trim tab, and left aileron. The right aileron bellcrank had separated and was retained for further examination. Control continuity was confirmed from the cable at the bellcrank separation, to the yoke. The seatbelts and shoulder harnesses remained intact and were unlatched by rescue personnel. The mixture control was in the full rich position, the carburetor heat control was off, and the throttle control was mid-range. First responders reported that they positioned the fuel selector and magnetos to off. The engine primer was in and locked. The engine remained attached to the airframe, and except for the carburetor, was undamaged. The propeller remained attached to the engine. Both propeller blades exhibited s-bending and chordwise scratching. The top spark plugs were removed and examined; their electrodes were intact and dark gray in color. The valve covers were removed and oil was noted in each cylinder head. The propeller was then rotated by hand and thumb compression was attained on all cylinders. Crankshaft, and valve train continuity was confirmed throughout the engine. Both magnetos produced spark at all leads when rotated by hand. The carburetor had partially separated due to impact damage, and was disassembled for inspection. The float and needle valve remained intact, and fuel was recovered from the carburetor. The right aileron bellcrank was forwarded to the NTSB Materials Laboratory, Washington, DC. Metallurgical examination of the bellcrank revealed five fracture faces, which displayed rough grainy surfaces consistent with an overload event. A Lowrance Airmap 500 handheld global positioning system (GPS) receiver was also recovered from the wreckage and forwarded to the NTSB Vehicle Recorders Laboratory, Washington, DC. Data were successfully downloaded from the receiver and plotted. The plot depicted a route from NC47, west to Kenley, North Carolina, and return; however, the receiver did not store date or time with each of the recorded positions. As such, the plot could not be positively identified as the accident flight. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION An autopsy was performed on the pilot on July 29, 2011, by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The autopsy reportnoted the cause of death as "Multiple injuries;" however, the report also noted that the left anterior descending focal coronary artery had 85 to 90 percent atherosclerotic narrowing. Additionally, the papillary muscle exhibited focal scarring. Review of the pilot's FAA and personal medical records revealed a fainting episode in 2009, immediately following nausea and vomiting due to a common illness. Considerable cardiac and neurologic testing did not reveal any concerning cause of the fainting episode and the pilot was cleared to continue flying. Toxicological testing was performed on the pilot by the FAA Bioaeronautical Science Research Laboratory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The results were negative for carbon monoxide, alcohol, and drugs. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N24369](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N24369), registered now, S/N 1705, built 1940 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: TAYLORCRAFT BL-65 - Registry model: [Taylorcraft BL-65](https://openairdocs.org/model/taylorcraft-bl-65) (registry code 8850350) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-145B series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-145b-series) (registry code 41502, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 1705 - Engines: LYCOMING O-145 65 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Brehm Joshua C - Registered owner: Brehm Joshua C - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: NC47, Winterville, NC - Destination: NC47, Winterville, NC - Airport: NC47, South Oak Aerodrome, runway 25, 1,850 × 50 ft, grass/turf ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 42; injuries: fatal; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 11,800 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 97 °F, dew point 63 °F - Altimeter: 30.02 inHg - Observed at: PGV, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20110728016319A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20110728016319A), Jul 28, 2011: Taylorcraft BL-65, Winterville, NC, Substantial damage, 1 fatal. Aircraft crash caught on home surveillance camera at 15:11:29 on 07-28-2011. Video shows aircraft coming in at a high angle of decent at an angle to runway.… ## Docket (16 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 11, 2013, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=81267. - Medical Factual (item 1, .PDF, 184 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40384729&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Medical%20Factual-Master.PDF - Materials Laboratory 15 - Factual e-mail report (item 2, .PDF, 13 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40352681&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%20Laboratory%2015%20-%20Factual%20e-mail%20report-Master.PDF - Surveillance Video Recording (view enlarged) (item 3, WMV, 7.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40358994&FileExtension=wmv&FileName=Surveillance%20Video%20Recording%20(view%20enlarged)-Master - Interview Summary (item 4, .PDF, 51 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40358976&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Interview%20Summary-Master.PDF - Excerpts From Pilot Logbook (item 5, .PDF, 372 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40385047&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Excerpts%20From%20Pilot%20Logbook-Master.PDF - GPS Plot (item 6, .PDF, 425 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40384885&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=GPS%20Plot-Master.PDF - GPS Data (.txt file) (item 7, .TXT): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40385958&FileExtension=.txt&FileName=GPS%20Data%20(.txt%20file)-Master.txt - Weather Report (item 8, .PDF, 16 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40359003&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Report-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 9, .PDF, 52 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40358977&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF - Evidence Control Forms (item 10, .PDF, 52 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40358978&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Evidence%20Control%20Forms-Redacted.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 11, .PDF, 113 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40358982&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Photo 1: Left Side of Main Wreckage (item 12, .PDF, 274 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40359004&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%3A%20%20Left%20Side%20of%20Main%20Wreckage-Master.PDF - Photo 2: Right Side of Main Wreckage (item 13, .PDF, 279 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40359005&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%3A%20%20Right%20Side%20of%20Main%20Wreckage-Master.PDF - Photo 3: Propeller Blade (item 14, .PDF, 305 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40359006&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%3A%20%20Propeller%20Blade-Master.PDF - Photo 4: Engine (item 15, .PDF, 307 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40359007&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204%3A%20%20Engine-Master.PDF - Photo 5: Top Sparkplugs (item 16, .PDF, 260 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40359009&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205%3A%20%20Top%20Sparkplugs-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.