# NTSB ERA12LA066: Cessna 172S, N1855Y, Fort Lauderdale, FL, November 3, 2011 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 3, 2011, 13:49 local (17:49 UTC) - Place: Fort Lauderdale, FL - Coordinates: 26.191667, -80.168891 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.1917&lon=-80.1689&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining events: [Taxi: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200); [Standing-engine(s) operating: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 5 uninjured - Status: Completed, report July 18, 2012 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 82267 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA12LA066 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/82267/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=82267 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA066 ## Probable cause (aircraft 1) The Cessna 172 flight instructor and student pilot's inadequate visual lookout and failure to maintain clearance from the stationary Cessna 182. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540): Personnel issues › Psychological · Flight crew (probable cause), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 12 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 231 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md) - [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot of other aircraft (probable cause), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 231 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021540/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Taxi: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200) (defining event), aircraft 1; cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 23 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 618 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md) - [Standing-engine(s) operating: Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200) (defining event), aircraft 2; cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 618 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200/sequence.md) ## Analysis (aircraft 1) The Cessna 182 pilot started the engine, moved the airplane forward about 5 feet to test the brakes, and then stopped. The Cessna 172 student pilot was taxiing to a tie-down spot and taxied in front of the Cessna 182. The flight instructor in the Cessna 172 verified that the student taxiing the airplane stayed on the centerline of the taxiway and maintained right wingtip clearance. As the Cessna 172 taxied past the stationary Cessna 182, the outboard section of the left wing impacted the propeller of the Cessna 182, which resulted in substantial damage to the wing. ## Factual narrative (aircraft 1) On November 3, 2011, at 1349 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172S, N1855Y, was substantially damaged when it struck a stationary Cessna 182T, N2182F, while taxiing at Fort Lauderdale Executive Airport (FXE), Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The certificated flight instructor and student pilot of the Cessna 172, and the certificated private pilot, flight instructor, and passenger of the Cessna 182, were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. Neither the Cessna 172 pilots nor the Cessna 182 pilots filed flight plans for the instructional flights, which were conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. According to the Federal Aviation Administration inspector who inspected both airplanes after the accident, the Cessna 182 pilot started the engine, moved the airplane forward about five feet when testing the brakes, and then stopped. The Cessna 172 pilot was taxiing to a tie-down spot and taxied in front on the Cessna 182. According to the flight instructor of the Cessna 172, he verified that the student taxiing the airplane stayed on the centerline of the taxiway and maintained right wingtip clearance. As the Cessna 172 taxied past the stationary Cessna 182, the outboard section of left wing impacted the propeller of the Cessna 182 causing substantial damage to the wing. All occupants of the airplanes exited without incident. The operator of both airplanes reported that there were no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplanes that would have precluded normal operation. According to the operator, the flight instructor of the Cessna 172 held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine and multiengine land, an instrument rating, as well as a flight instructor certificate for airplane single-engine and instrument airplane. He noted that his total flight experience was approximately 295 hours; of which, about 261 hours were in the same make and model as the accident airplane. His most recent FAA first-class medical certificate was issued on September 22, 2011. According to the operator, the student pilot of the Cessna 172 held a student pilot certificate. His most recent FAA third-class medical certificate was issued July 28, 2011. He noted that the student had 35 total hours of flight experience, all in the same make and model as the accident airplane. According to the operator, the flight instructor of the Cessna 182 held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine and multiengine land, an instrument rating, as well as a flight instructor certificate for airplane single-engine and instrument airplane. He noted that his total flight experience was approximately 619 hours; of which, about 7 hours were in the same make and model as the accident airplane. His most recent FAA second-class medical certificate was issued on September 22, 2011. According to the operator, the pilot of the Cessna 182 held aforeign private pilot certificate for airplane single-engine land. His most recent FAA second-class medical certificate was issued May 4, 2010. The operator noted that the pilot had 190 total hours of flight experience, of which 24 hours were in the same make and model as the accident airplane. FAA records indicated that the Cessna 172 was manufactured in 2005, and its registration certificate was issued in 2011. It was equipped with a 180-horsepower, Lycoming IO-360 series engine. The airplane was a four-place, single-engine, high-wing, cantilever monoplane that was equipped with fixed tricycle-type landing gear. According to the operator, the airplane had accumulated approximately 2,231 total hours and the most recent 100-hour inspection was on October 14, 2011. FAA records indicated that the Cessna 182 was manufactured in 2004, and its registration certificate was issued in 2004. It was equipped with a 230 horsepower, Lycoming IO-540 series engine. The airplane was a four-place, high-wing, single-engine, cantilever monoplane with fixed tricycle landing gear. According to the operator, the airplane had accumulated approximately 2,700 total hours and the most recent 100-hour inspection was on June 24, 2011. Weather conditions reported at FXE, at 1453, included winds from 090 degrees at 12 knots, 10 statute miles visibility, scattered clouds at 3,500 feet, temperature 26 degrees C, dewpoint 17 degrees C, and an altimeter setting of 29.98 inches of mercury. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N1855Y](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1855Y-2013-12-30), registration cancelled 2013-12-30, S/N 172S9924, built 2005 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172S - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-360-L2A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-360-l2a) (registry code 41597, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172S9924 - Airframe hours: 2231 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Airborne Systems - Registered owner: Upper Bucks Aviation Leasing LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: 100 hour, October 14, 2011 - Departed: FXE, Fort Lauderdale, FL - Destination: FXE, Fort Lauderdale, FL - Airport: FXE, Fort Lauderdale Executive ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N2182F](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N2182F), registered now, S/N 18281340, built 2004 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182T - Registry model: [Cessna 182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182t) (registry code 2072703) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-540-series) (registry code 41530, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18281340 - Airframe hours: 2700 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-540 SER 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Airborne Systems - Registered owner: Procairis Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, June 24, 2011 - Departed: FXE, Fort Lauderdale, FL - Destination: FXE, Fort Lauderdale, FL - Airport: FXE, Fort Lauderdale Executive ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor, aircraft N1855Y; age 25; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review August 22, 2011; seat: right; flight hours: 295 total, 261 in this make and model, 206 as pilot in command, 79 in the last 90 days, 70 in the last 30 days, 6 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot, aircraft N1855Y; age 24; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; flight hours: 35 total, 35 in this make and model, 3 as pilot in command, 35 in the last 90 days, 17 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours - Pilot, aircraft N2182F; age 48; injuries: none; private, foreign; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, unknown; last flight review October 14, 2011; seat: left; flight hours: 190 total, 24 in this make and model - Flight instructor, aircraft N2182F; age 32; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review March 29, 2011; seat: right; flight hours: 619 total, 7 in this make and model, 528 as pilot in command, 59 in the last 90 days, 27 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 70° at 14 knots, gusting 20 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 30.04 inHg - Observed at: FXE ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20111103026161A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20111103026161A), Nov 3, 2011: Cessna 172S, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Substantial damage. N2182R (CE182) and N1855Y (CE172) collided on a movement area, quebec (q)ramp at Fort Lauderdale executive airport. N1855Y port's wing was severed by N2182R… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 5, 2012, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=82267. 5.6 MB in all. - Cessna 172 Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40363830&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Cessna%20172%20Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Cessna 182 Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 2, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40363831&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Cessna%20182%20Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Pilots Statements (item 3, .PDF, 295 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40363832&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilots%20Statements-Redacted.PDF - FXE Weather Observations (item 4, .PDF, 107 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40363833&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FXE%20Weather%20Observations-Master.PDF - Photo 1: View of Cessna 172 Wing Damage (Courtesy of FAA) (item 5, .PDF, 2.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40363845&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%3A%20View%20of%20Cessna%20172%20Wing%20Damage%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.