# NTSB ERA13LA312: Schweizer G-164B, N3633S, Jackson, TN, June 29, 2013 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 29, 2013, 06:45 local (11:45 UTC) - Place: Jackson, TN - Coordinates: 35.599723, -88.915557 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.5997&lon=-88.9156&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 13, 2014 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 87359 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA13LA312 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/87359/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=87359 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA13LA312 ## Probable cause A failure of the right main landing gear wheel rim during the landing roll, resulting in a loss of control and a subsequent collapse of the right main landing gear. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Landing gear system: wheel/ski/float](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023246): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Schweizer G-164B, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023246/cases.md?model=8059055), [All aircraft, 48 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023246/cases.md) - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Schweizer G-164B, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=8059055), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-landing roll: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) (defining event); cases with it: [Schweizer G-164B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md?model=8059055), [All aircraft, 994 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230); cases with it: [Schweizer G-164B, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=8059055), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094); cases with it: [Schweizer G-164B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md?model=8059055), [All aircraft, 1,787 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md) ## Analysis Following an uneventful aerial application flight, the airplane returned to the departure airport. During the landing, the airplane drifted right, and, despite the pilot's application of corrective flight controls, the airplane continued to drift away from the runway centerline. The pilot also noted that the right brake seemed to be unresponsive and that the application of the left brake aggravated the drift to the left. The right landing gear leg subsequently collapsed. Examination of the runway following the accident revealed that the right main landing gear wheel rim had broken apart, with the wheel hub separating from the outer wheel rim. Examination of the fracture surfaces revealed only fractures exhibiting features of overstress, rather than fatigue, although some of the fracture surfaces were smeared from contact forces and could not be evaluated. Review of maintenance and airworthiness records beyond the 13 months preceding the accident was not possible, as the records had been destroyed in a fire; therefore the exact service history of the wheel could not be determined. Review of available records showed that during each of the two annual inspections that were performed before the accident, at least some inspection or maintenance to the wheels was performed, with no discrepancies noted. ## Factual narrative On June 29, 2013, about 0645 central daylight time, a Schweizer Aircraft Corp. G-164B, N3633S, was substantially damaged during a landing gear collapse while landing at McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport (MKL), Jackson, Tennessee. The commercial pilot was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the local aerial application flight, which was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 137. At the conclusion of the aerial application flight, the pilot was returning to the departure airport. The pilot touched town on runway 2 at MKL utilizing a full-stall landing technique, and shortly thereafter, the airplane began drifting to the right. The pilot responded by applying left aileron, rudder, and brake; and as the airplane returned to the centerline, the pilot attempted to realign the airplane's direction of travel with the runway. The control inputs were ineffective, and the pilot next applied full reverse thrust and attempted to apply the brakes. The pilot noted that the application of left brake would turn the airplane further left and that the right brake was unresponsive. The airplane continued to drift left and the right main landing gear leg collapsed. Following the accident, the pilot found that the right main landing gear wheel had broken away from its axle at the hub. Fractured portions of the wheel were later recovered from the runway. According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness records, the airplane was manufactured in March 1986. On January 6, 2012, the registered owner of the airplane submitted a request to the FAA for a replacement airworthiness certificate. According to the request letter, the aircraft logs were "burned in a hangar fire." Airframe logs covering a period between May and December 2012 were examined. An annual inspection was completed on May 20, 2012, and the maintenance log entry for the inspection stated in-part, "Wheels and brakes checked-OK." Another annual inspection was completed on December 12, 2012, and the maintenance log entry for the inspection detailed a lubrication of the landing gear wheel bearings and replacement of the brake pads. No subsequent maintenance log entries detailed any maintenance or inspection of the landing gear. The wheel rim and bearing hub assembly were submitted to the NTSB Materials Laboratory for detailed examination. The rim was of the split design with bearing bores in the centers of each rim half and a cylindrical spacer sleeve positioned between the rim halves and concentric to the bearing bores when installed on the axle stub. The center section of each rim half, which contained the bearing bores, had broken into multiple pieces and separated from the periphery of its respective rim half. A portion of the outboard rim half's periphery was also fractured and separated into multiple pieces. Some portions of the rim were not recovered from the accident scene. Examination of thefracture surfaces on the outboard and inboard rims, along with portions of the center section pieces of each rim half identified only overstress fractures and no evidence of preexisting damage. Some fracture surfaces were smeared from contact forces and could not be evaluated. Examination of the bolts securing the two halves of the rim and their associated nuts and washers did not reveal any unusual characteristics. The owner of the airplane reported that he had entered into a verbal contract with the operator in June 2013, and that the owner was to provide an aircraft, pilot, and aircraft insurance; while the operator would provide the fuel, agricultural application work to be performed, and CFR Part137 certificate, as well as direct the use of the airplane. The operator relayed a similar understanding of the verbal arrangement; however, the operator stated that the airplane would be operating under a CFR Part 137 certificate provided by the owner. Review of FAA records showed that the airplane owner did not hold a CFR Part 137 operating certificate. Additionally, the accident airplane was not one of the aircraft listed on the operator's CFR Part 137 operating specifications. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3633S](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N3633S), registered now, S/N 778B, built 1986 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: SCHWEIZER AIRCRAFT CORP G-164B - Registry model: [Schweizer G-164B](https://openairdocs.org/model/schweizer-g-164b) (registry code 8059055) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney R1340 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-r1340-series) (registry code 52016, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 778B - Year built: 1986 - Airframe hours: 11836 - Engines: Pratt and Whitney Canada PT6A-27 680 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial application, Part 137 - Operator: Airworks LLC - Registered owner: Amy Marie LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, December 12, 2012, 70 hours before - Departed: MKL, Jackson, TN - Destination: MKL, Jackson, TN - Airport: MKL, McKellar-Sipes Regional Apt., runway 02, 6,006 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 52; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review January 24, 2012; seat: single; flight hours: 14,090 total, 77 in this make and model, 30 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 260° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 72 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 29.73 inHg - Observed at: MKL ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20130629018779A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20130629018779A), Jun 29, 2013: Schweizer Aircraft Corp G-164B, Jackson, TN, Substantial damage. On June 29th 2013 at approximately 0645, the pilot in command (PIC) of N3633S a Schweizer aircraft, model G-164B sn 778B was conducting agriculture operations… ## Other investigations on N3633S (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB MIA08LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA08LA174), Aug 26, 2008: Schweizer G-164B (N3633S), Clarksdale, MS, substantial damage. Probable cause: The mechanic’s failure to torque check the axle-to-spring gear attachment bolts per the manufacturer's Annual/100-Hour Airframe Inspection Checklist, resulting in fatigue failure of the bolts. ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 13, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=87359. 10.8 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 911 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407528&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Pilot Statement (item 2, .PDF, 644 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407531&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Summary of Email Correspondence with Aircraft Owner and Operator (item 3, .PDF, 57 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407560&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Summary%20of%20Email%20Correspondence%20with%20Aircraft%20Owner%20and%20Operator-Master.PDF - Airframe Maintenance Logs (Excerpts) (item 4, .PDF, 546 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407546&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airframe%20Maintenance%20Logs%20(Excerpts)-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1 - Airplane at Accident Site (Photo Courtesy of Jackson-Madison County Airport Authority) (item 5, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407548&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20-%20Airplane%20at%20Accident%20Site%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20Jackson-Madison%20County%20Airport%20Authority)-Master.PDF - Photo 2 - View of Airframe Damage from Front (Photo Courtesy of FAA) (item 6, .PDF, 3.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407549&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20-%20View%20of%20Airframe%20Damage%20from%20Front%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF - Photo 3 - Broken Right Main Landing Gear Wheel (Photo Courtesy of FAA) (item 7, .PDF, 3.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40407553&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%20-%20Broken%20Right%20Main%20Landing%20Gear%20Wheel%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF - Materials Laboratory Factual report 13-100 (item 8, .PDF, 6 photos, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40406003&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Materials%20Laboratory%20Factual%20report%2013-100-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.