# NTSB ERA14CA230: Cessna 172S, N493ER, Deland, FL, May 9, 2014

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report
- Date: May 9, 2014, 09:33 local (13:33 UTC)
- Place: Deland, FL
- Coordinates: 29.066944, -81.283607 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.0669&lon=-81.2836&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 2 uninjured
- Status: Completed, report June 5, 2014
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: FAA/FSDO
- NTSB case key (mKey): 89187
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA14CA230
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/89187/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89187
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14CA230

## Probable cause

The student pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the landing, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the student pilot resulting in abnormal runway contact and damage to the airplane.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md)
- [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md)
- [Attention/monitoring: monitoring other person](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021535): Personnel issues › Psychological · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 200 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021535/cases.md)
- [Communication (personnel): common phraseology](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063520): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot; cases with it: [All aircraft, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063520/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The flight instructor and the student pilot were practicing short field landings. Following an uneventful first landing, the airplane approached the runway for a second. While on the short final leg of the approach to the runway, the airplane began sinking rapidly. The flight instructor responded by advising the student, "full power." The student pilot thought the flight instructor had said, "pull power," and subsequently reduced engine power to idle. The airplane impacted the runway and bounced back into the air. The flight instructor then took control of the airplane and aborted the landing. Subsequent inspection of the airplane by maintenance personnel revealed that the nose landing gear and engine firewall had been substantially damaged during the landing. Following the accident, the operator reemphasized to their flight instructors the importance of utilizing standard phraseology during training flights, including use of the phrase "go around" to indicate the necessity to abort a landing.

## Factual narrative

The flight instructor and the student pilot were practicing short field landings. Following an uneventful first landing, the airplane approached the runway for a second. While on the short final leg of the approach to the runway, the airplane began sinking rapidly. The flight instructor responded by advising the student, "full power." The student pilot thought the flight instructor had said, "pull power," and subsequently reduced engine power to idle. The airplane impacted the runway and bounced back into the air. The flight instructor then took control of the airplane and aborted the landing. Subsequent inspection of the airplane by maintenance personnel revealed that the nose landing gear and engine firewall had been substantially damaged during the landing. Following the accident, the operator reemphasized to their flight instructors the importance of utilizing standard phraseology during training flights, including use of the phrase "go around" to indicate the necessity to abort a landing.

## Aircraft

- Registration: N493ER (not matched to a registry record)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 172S
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 172S10568
- Year built: 2007
- Airframe hours: 5877
- Engines: LYCOMING IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
- Registered owner: Avn Air LLC
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, April 30, 2014, 80 hours before
- Departed: DED, Deland, FL
- Destination: DED, Deland, FL
- Airport: DED, DeLand Municipal Airport, runway 12, 6,001 × 100 ft, asphalt
- Equipment: Stall warning system

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Flight instructor; age 50; injuries: none; flight instructor, airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 17, 2012; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 8,098 total, 271 in this make and model, 4,186 as pilot in command, 100 in the last 90 days, 37 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours
- Student pilot; age 19; injuries: none; student; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 48 total, 48 in this make and model, 1 as pilot in command, 10 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 160° at 9 knots
- Visibility: 8 statute miles
- Temperature: 77 °F, dew point 70 °F
- Altimeter: 30.20 inHg
- Observed at: KDAB, 14 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20140509007009A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140509007009A), May 9, 2014: Cessna 172S, Deland, FL, Substantial damage. The flight instructor and student were practicing short field landings at Deland airport. While on short final, the airplane began to sink and the flight…

## Docket (4 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 29, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89187. 3.0 MB in all.

- Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 2.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40412816&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF
- Flight Instructor and Student Pilot Statements (item 2, .PDF, 31 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40412817&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Flight%20Instructor%20and%20Student%20Pilot%20Statements-Master.PDF
- Photo 1. Damage to Firewall (Photo Courtesy of Operator) (item 3, .PDF, 229 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40412818&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20Damage%20to%20Firewall%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20Operator)-Master.PDF
- Photo 2. Damage to Nose Landing Gear Strut Bracket (Photo Courtesy of Operator) (item 4, .PDF, 278 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40412819&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20Damage%20to%20Nose%20Landing%20Gear%20Strut%20Bracket%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20Operator)-Master.PDF

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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