# NTSB ERA14CA397: Raytheon G36, N636TM, Milton, FL, August 20, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: August 19, 2014, 19:30 local (Aug 20, 2014, 00:30 UTC) - Place: Milton, FL - Coordinates: 30.635833, -86.98944 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=30.6358&lon=-86.9894&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Prior to flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/100) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Prior to flight: Aircraft loading event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/010) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor, 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 20, 2014 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 89915 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA14CA397 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/89915/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89915 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14CA397 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate preflight planning, which resulted in an attempted takeoff over the airplane's maximum gross weight and beyond its aft center of gravity limit. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of total flight experience in the aircraft make and model. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Aircraft capability: maximum weight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061035): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061035/cases.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 152 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061035/cases.md) - [Aircraft capability: cG/weight distribution](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061040): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061040/cases.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 66 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061040/cases.md) - [Inspection: preflight inspection](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510/cases.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 551 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510/cases.md) - [Experience/qualifications: total experience w/ equipment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031025): Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031025/cases.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031025/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Prior to flight: Aircraft loading event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/010) (defining event); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/010/sequence.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 84 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/010/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Loss of lift](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/500); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/500/sequence.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 252 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/500/sequence.md) - [Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Raytheon G36, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=7150061), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot attempted the takeoff with the airplane loaded 238 pounds over the maximum gross weight of 3,833 pounds, with the center of gravity (cg) 3.3 inches aft of the aft cg limit. During the takeoff roll, the nose of the airplane lifted 10 knots prior to the recommended rotation speed for a no-flap takeoff, and witnesses described the airplane in an unstable "pitch-up" attitude before it settled back on the runway and overran the departure end, struck a ditch, and came to rest with substantial damage to the left wing and horizontal stabilizer. The pilot reported he had 1.8 hours of flight experience in the accident airplane make and model, and that there were no mechanical malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot attempted the takeoff with the airplane loaded 238 pounds over the maximum gross weight of 3,833 pounds, with the center of gravity (cg) 3.3 inches aft of the aft cg limit. During the takeoff roll, the nose of the airplane lifted 10 knots prior to the recommended rotation speed for a no-flap takeoff, and witnesses described the airplane in an unstable "pitch-up" attitude before it settled back on the runway and overran the departure end, struck a ditch, and came to rest with substantial damage to the left wing and horizontal stabilizer. The pilot reported he had 1.8 hours of flight experience in the accident airplane make and model, and that there were no mechanical malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N636TM](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N636TM-2018-03-27), registration cancelled 2018-03-27, S/N E-3746 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: RAYTHEON AIRCRAFT COMPANY G36 - Registry model: [Raytheon G36](https://openairdocs.org/model/raytheon-g36) (registry code 7150061) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: E-3746 - Year built: 2006 - Engines: Continental Motors, Inc. IO-550 reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Operator: John Galdieri - Registered owner: Alijim Ltd LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: 2R4, MILTON, FL - Destination: CEU, CLEMSON, SC - Airport: 2R4, Peter Prince Field, runway 18, 3,701 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system, Auto-pilot ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 39; injuries: minor; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 1, 2014; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 2,528 total, 1.7 in this make and model, 2,200 as pilot in command, 131 in the last 90 days, 39 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 73 °F - Altimeter: 29.97 inHg - Observed at: NDZ, 4 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20140819015119A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140819015119A), Aug 19, 2014: Raytheon Aircraft Company G36, Milton, FL, Substantial damage. On August 19, 2014 a Beech bonanza G36 aircraft with 6 CFI rated pilots attempted to take off from 2R4 in Milton, FL. The PIC was able to get the aircraft a… ## Docket (10 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 8, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89915. 4.9 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 832 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417530&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Pilot and Passenger Statements (item 2, .PDF, 260 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417531&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20and%20Passenger%20Statements-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement (item 3, .PDF, 231 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417532&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Memorandum For Record - D'Shannon Products (item 4, .PDF, 26 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417533&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20For%20Record%20-%20D%27Shannon%20Products-Master.PDF - Pilot Weight and Balance Data (item 5, .PDF, 83 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417534&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Weight%20and%20Balance%20Data-Redacted.PDF - Airplane Empty Weight (item 6, .PDF, 122 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417535&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airplane%20Empty%20Weight-Redacted.PDF - Airplane Flight Manual Supplement (item 7, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417536&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airplane%20Flight%20Manual%20Supplement-Redacted.PDF - Weather Report and Record (item 8, .PDF, 228 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417537&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Report%20and%20Record-Master.PDF - Photo 1 - Airplane at Accident Site (Photo Courtesy of FAA) (item 9, .PDF, 624 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417538&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20-%20Airplane%20at%20Accident%20Site%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF - Photo 2 - Runway and Ground Scars (Photo Courtesy of FAA) (item 10, .PDF, 806 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40417539&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20-%20Runway%20and%20Ground%20Scars%20(Photo%20Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.