# NTSB ERA14FA359: Piper PA-46-310P, N248SP, Clayton, GA, July 26, 2014

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report
- Date: July 26, 2014, 08:50 local (12:50 UTC)
- Place: Clayton, GA
- Coordinates: 34.923889, -83.45333
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.9239&lon=-83.4533&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Initial climb: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120)
- Highest injury: Fatal
- Injuries: 1 fatal
- Status: Completed, report January 27, 2015
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation
- Parties: Piper Aircraft, FAA/FSDO, Continental Motors
- NTSB case key (mKey): 89739
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA14FA359
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/89739/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89739
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14FA359

## Probable cause

The pilot’s decision to begin a flight with fog and low clouds present at the airport, which resulted in an encounter with instrument meteorological conditions immediately after takeoff and a controlled flight into terrain.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: clouds](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to condition (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025/cases.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 108 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: fog](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to condition (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 78 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md)
- [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: fog](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation; cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 78 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: clouds](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation; cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025/cases.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 108 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Initial climb: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401); cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 392 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md)
- [Initial climb: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-46-310P, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md?model=7104605), [All aircraft, 1,074 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The pilot was departing the private, fly-in community airport on a personal flight. He was familiar with the airport/fly-in community and was instrumental in its development. Fog was present at the time, and, according to witnesses, it was "rolling up the valley," which was a frequent event at the airport. The witnesses observed the airplane lift off the runway, drift to the left, and disappear into the fog with the landing gear extended. They heard the engine running normally, with no change in sound, until the crash. They heard two distinct "booms" about 4 to 6 seconds apart. They ran down to the departure end of the runway to look for a crash site and could not see the wreckage or any smoke or fire due to the fog. The wreckage was located on elevated terrain in a heavily wooded area, about 1,500 feet north of the departure end of the runway. The elevation at the crash site was about 250 feet higher than the elevation at the departure end of runway. A swath through the treetops leading to the main wreckage was indicative of a near-level flight path at impact. An examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal any evidence of a preexisting mechanical malfunction or failure. A review of the weather by a NTSB meteorologist revealed that the departure airport was at the edge of an area of low-topped clouds. Airport remarks included "Mountainous terrain all quadrants."

## Factual narrative

HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 26, 2014, about 0850 eastern daylight time (EDT), a Piper PA-46-310P, N248SP, impacted trees and terrain shortly after takeoff from Heaven's Landing Airport (GE99), Clayton, Georgia. The private pilot was fatally injured and the airplane was destroyed by impact forces and a post-crash fire. The airplane was registered to a corporation and was operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Day, instrument meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, and an instrument flight rules flight plan was filed. The flight was originating at the time of the accident and was en route to Aurora, Illinois (ARR). Two witnesses were standing outside on the ramp and observed the accident airplane prior to departure. The preflight, engine start, and taxi appeared to be routine. There was fog present at the time, and it was "rolling up the valley," which was a frequent event at the airport. The lateral visibility was about 1,000 feet below the fog layer and obscured above. The elevated terrain surrounding the airport was obscured in the fog. The pilot back-taxied to runway 5 and initiated the takeoff. The airplane became airborne about 2,000 feet down the 5,062-foot-long runway. They observed the landing gear extended and the airplane seemed to drift to the left after takeoff. They observed the airplane disappear into the fog. They heard the engine running normally, with no change in the sound, until the crash. They heard two distinct "booms" about four to six seconds apart. They ran down to the departure end of the runway to look for a crash site, and could not see the wreckage, or any smoke or fire, due to the fog. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot possessed a private pilot certificate with airplane single engine land and instrument airplane ratings. Reportedly, he lived at the fly-in community surrounding the airport and was instrumental in its development. He reported 4,200 hours of total flight time on his third class medical application, dated March 5, 2014. According to the pilot's logbook, he accomplished a flight review and instrument proficiency check on May 31, 2014 in a Cessna 172 airplane. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The airplane was a Piper PA-46-301P that was manufactured in 1984. It was equipped with a Continental TSIO-520-BE engine rated at 310 HP and a Hartzell constant-speed, composite three-bladed propeller. The airplane was equipped with retractable tricycle landing gear. The aircraft maintenance records were provided to the investigation team shortly after the accident. According to the records, annual inspections of the airframe, engine, and propeller were completed on June 11, 2014, at a total airframe time of 3,593 hours. At the time of the annual inspection, the engine had accumulated 532 hours since the last major overhaul. The annual inspection was the last entry in the logbooks. AERODROME INFORMATION GE99 was a private, uncontrolled airport locatedabout 4 miles northwest of Clayton, Georgia. The airport elevation was 2,724 feet above mean sea level (msl). The concrete runway, which was 5,062 feet long and 50 feet wide, had a 1.0 percent upslope in the direction of runway 5. Airport remarks included, "Mountainous terrain all quadrants." METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION GE99 was not equipped with weather observation capabilities. The closest weather observation facility to the accident site was Macon County Airport (1A5), Franklin, North Carolina, located about 19 nm north of GE99. The 0855 EDT surface weather observation included overcast clouds at 300 feet above ground level, wind calm, visibility 5 statute miles with mist, temperature 15 degrees C, dew point 15 degrees C, and altimeter setting 30.15 inches of mercury. According to satellite imagery, the accident site was located near the edge of an area of low-topped clouds. The cloud ceiling height was not available. According to a staff meteorologist with the NTSB, the imagery was taken at 0849 EDT. The copy of the imagery is included in the public docket for this accident investigation. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The airplane crashed into elevated terrain, in a heavily wooded area, about 1,500 feet north of the departure end of runway 5. The elevation at the crash site was about 250 feet higher than the elevation at the departure end of runway 5. The linear distance of the wreckage debris field was about 150 feet in length, including the first trees struck by the airplane. A majority of the wreckage was consumed in a post-crash fire. All major structural components of the airplane were accounted for within the wreckage debris path. A swath through the tree tops leading to the main wreckage was indicative of a near-level flight path at impact. Numerous tree limbs were scattered along the debris path with smooth, angular cuts through the limbs. The cockpit and cabin sections were consumed by a post-crash fire. The instrument panel, flight and performance instruments, avionics, and autopilot were destroyed, and no useful information could be recovered. All three landing gear were found in the extended positions. The position of the wing flaps could not be determined due to fire and impact damage. Flight control continuity was established from the cockpit controls to the flight control surfaces. All breaks in the flight control cables exhibited broom-straw signatures consistent with tension overload. The fuel tanks in the left and right wings were breached from impact forces and a post-crash fire. The fuel caps were located and were fire-damaged. All three propeller blades were separated from the propeller hub near their shanks and were located within the wreckage debris path. Chord-wise scratches were observed on the surfaces of the blades. The hub remained attached to the crankshaft. The engine was separated from the aircraft and came to rest adjacent to the firewall, inverted. The number 5 cylinder exhibited impact damage. The cylinderhead was fractured and displaced aft, into the cooling fins of the number 3 cylinder. The cylinder barrel was bent inward on the front side. The internal components exhibited normal operating signatures. The remaining cylinders were found secured to the engine with no external signs of operations distress noted. Borescope examination of the cylinder barrels, pistons, cylinder heads, valves, and valve seats showed normal signatures and deposits. Crankshaft continuity was confirmed from the propeller flange aft to the accessory section and to the pistons by manual manipulation of the propeller hub. Complete rotation of the crankshaft could not be accomplished due to the impact damage on the number 5 cylinder. The crankcase showed no signs of holes or other damage. Both magnetos were securely attached at their mounting pads. The units were removed and tested by rotating their drive shafts with a power drill. When rotated, both magnetos produced a strong, blue spark on all ignition leads. Other than impact or oil soaking, all spark plugs were observed to be in near-new condition. The engine was fitted with twin turbochargers. The left turbocharger remained attached to the left-side exhaust manifold. The unit remained intact and the turbine and impeller could be rotated manually without restriction. The right turbocharger exhibited impact damage and remained attached to the firewall and airframe engine mount. The impeller shroud was separated from the turbocharger and was found within the debris field. The shroud displayed rotational scoring at the 90-degree transition. The impeller blades were gouged, displaced, bent opposite the direction of rotation, and some were fractured. The engine-driven fuel pump, throttle body metering unit, fuel manifold valve, fuel injection nozzles and lines, and oil pump were examined; no signs of pre-accident anomalies were found. When the fuel line between the metering unit and the fuel manifold was removed, fuel was observed inside the line. The engine-driven vacuum pump remained attached to the engine. The drive shaft was intact; however, the drive coupling was partially melted. Disassembly of the unit revealed no anomalies with the rotor or vanes. The secondary vacuum pump was separated from its motor and sustained thermal damage. Disassembly of the unit revealed no anomalies with the rotor or vanes. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION A postmortem examination of the pilot was performed at the offices of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, Division of Forensic Sciences, Decatur, Georgia on July 28, 2014. The autopsy report noted the cause of death as "Blunt impact and thermal injuries with smoke and soot inhalation" and the manner of death was "Accident." Forensic toxicology testing was performed on specimens of the pilot by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory (CAMI), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The CAMI toxicology report indicated no carbon monoxide testing wasaccomplished; the blood was unsuitable for analysis. Testing for cyanide was not performed. There was no ethanol detected in the urine. Acetaminophen was detected in the urine (18 ug/g). Testing for all other drugs was negative.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N248SP](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N248SP-2018-03-20), registration cancelled 2018-03-20, S/N 46-8608024, built 1986 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: PIPER PA-46-310P
- Registry model: [Piper PA-46-310P](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-46-310p) (registry code 7104605) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 46-8608024
- Year built: 1986
- Airframe hours: 3593
- Engines: Continental TSIO-520-BE 310 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Destroyed
- Fire: On-Ground
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Annual, June 11, 2014
- Departed: GE99, Clayton, GA
- Destination: ARR, Aurora, IL
- Flight plan: IFR
- Airport: GE99, Heaven's Landing, runway 05, 5,062 × 50 ft, concrete
- Equipment: Auto-pilot

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 62; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review May 31, 2014; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 4,200 total

## Weather

- Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day
- Wind: calm
- Visibility: 5 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 300 ft overcast
- Temperature: 59 °F, dew point 59 °F
- Altimeter: 30.14 inHg
- Observed at: 1A5, 19 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20140726014929A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140726014929A), Jul 26, 2014: Piper PA-46-310P, Clayton, GA, Destroyed, 1 fatal. On July 26, 2014, about 0850 eastern daylight time (EDT), a Piper PA-46-301P, N248SP departed Heavens Landing air strip runway 5 (GE99) for aurora, Illinois…

## Docket (16 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 15, 2015, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89739. 15.6 MB in all.

- Photo 1 - Forward Fuselage and Engine (NTSB Photo) (item 1, .PDF, 957 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421256&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20-%20Forward%20Fuselage%20and%20Engine%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 2 – Main Wreckage - View from Front (NTSB Photo) (item 2, .PDF, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421257&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20%E2%80%93%20Main%20Wreckage%20-%20View%20from%20Front%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 3 – Engine – As Found (NTSB Photo) (item 3, .PDF, 975 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421258&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%20%E2%80%93%20Engine%20%E2%80%93%20As%20Found%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 4 – Main Wreckage – Center Fuselage (NTSB Photo) (item 4, .PDF, 988 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421259&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204%20%E2%80%93%20Main%20Wreckage%20%E2%80%93%20Center%20Fuselage%20%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 5 - Main Wreckage – Fuselage (NTSB Photo) (item 5, .PDF, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421260&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205%20-%20Main%20Wreckage%20%E2%80%93%20Fuselage%20%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 6 - Engine Turbocharger (Right) (NTSB Photo) (item 6, .PDF, 943 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421261&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206%20-%20Engine%20Turbocharger%20(Right)%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 7 - Right Wing Inboard Section (NTSB Photo) (item 7, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421262&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207%20-%20Right%20Wing%20Inboard%20Section%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 8 - Propeller Blades (NTSB Photo) (item 8, .PDF, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421263&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%208%20-%20Propeller%20Blades%20%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 9 - Right Wing Section (NTSB Photo) (item 9, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421264&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%209%20-%20Right%20Wing%20Section%20%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 10 - Cut Wood Found Within Wreckage Debris Field (NTSB Photo) (item 10, .PDF, 987 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421265&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2010%20-%20Cut%20Wood%20Found%20%20Within%20Wreckage%20Debris%20Field%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 11 - Cut Wood Found Within Wreckage Debris Field (NTSB Photo) (item 11, .PDF, 950 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421266&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2011%20-%20Cut%20Wood%20Found%20%20Within%20Wreckage%20Debris%20Field%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 12 - Cut Wood Found Within Wreckage Debris Field (NTSB Photo) (item 12, .PDF, 895 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421267&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2012%20-%20Cut%20Wood%20Found%20%20Within%20Wreckage%20Debris%20Field%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 13 - Engine and Propeller Assembly (NTSB Photo) (item 13, .PDF, 892 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421268&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2013%20-%20Engine%20and%20Propeller%20Assembly%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 14 - Engine and Propeller Assembly (NTSB Photo) (item 14, .PDF, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421269&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2014%20-%20Engine%20and%20Propeller%20Assembly%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 15 – Engine-driven Vacuum Pump (NTSB Photo) (item 15, .PDF, 846 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421270&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2015%20%E2%80%93%20Engine-driven%20Vacuum%20Pump%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 16 – Secondary Vacuum Pump (NTSB Photo) (item 16, .PDF, 893 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40421271&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2016%20%E2%80%93%20Secondary%20Vacuum%20Pump%20(NTSB%20Photo)-Master.PDF

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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