# NTSB ERA14LA383: Christen Industries Pitts S, N50XV, Sarasota, FL, August 12, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 12, 2014, 11:52 local (15:52 UTC) - Place: Sarasota, FL - Coordinates: 27.232221, -82.524169 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=27.2322&lon=-82.5242&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report January 21, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Eastern Region Aviation - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 89865 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ERA14LA383 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/89865/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89865 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14LA383 ## Probable cause A total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion, which resulted from the flight instructor's inadequate preflight fuel planning. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Planning/preparation: fuel planning](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 719 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md) - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid level (probable cause); cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Terrain](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021000): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021000/cases.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 267 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) (defining event); cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 804 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341); cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2210006), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that, during a preflight inspection of the aerobatic airplane, he noted that it had about 15 gallons of fuel on board. After about 45 minutes of instructional aerobatic flight, the engine lost total power. The flight instructor chose to perform a forced landing to a beach, and, during the landing roll, the airplane nosed over and then came to rest inverted, which resulted in substantial damage to the fuselage and empennage. A postaccident examination of the airframe and engine revealed no evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. During the recovery, about 1 gallon of fuel was drained from the fuel tanks. Additionally, the fuel line was found absent of fuel. The two fuel tanks had a total capacity of about 30 gallons, 1 gallon of which was unusable. Although the pilot estimated that the engine typically consumed about 11 gallons of fuel per hour, the engine manufacturer's Airplane Operating Manual indicated that the engine consumed about 15 gallons of fuel per hour when operated at high-power settings. Assuming this consumption rate, the airplane had about 1 hour of fuel available for the flight at the time of departure, not taking into account the fuel required for engine start, taxi, run-up, and takeoff. Given the quantity of fuel the flight instructor estimated was on board before the flight and the quantity of fuel recovered from the airplane, it is likely that the engine lost power due to fuel exhaustion because of the flight instructor's inadequate preflight planning. ## Factual narrative On August 12, 2014, at 1152 eastern daylight time, a Christian Industries Pitts S2B, N50XV, was substantially damaged during a forced landing to a beach following a total loss of engine power near Sarasota, Florida. The flight instructor and private pilot under instruction sustained minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the instructional flight, that departed Sarasota/Bradenton International Airport (SRQ), Sarasota, Florida, about 1105. The airplane was registered to and operated by an individual under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.During an interview with a local law enforcement officer, the flight instructor indicated that he performed a preflight inspection of the airplane prior to departing for the aerobatic instructional flight. He stated that he "thought he had about 15 gallons of fuel," and the engine fuel consumption was about 11 gallons per hour. After about 45 minutes of flight time, while returning to their base airport, at an altitude about 5,000 feet above ground level, the engine experienced a total loss of power. The flight instructor elected to land the airplane on a beach. During the landing roll, the airplane nosed over and came to rest inverted in the water, and incurred substantial damage to the fuselage and empennage. According to FAA records, the airplane was issued a normal and aerobatic airworthiness certificate in 2013. It was powered by a Lycoming AEIO-540-D4A5, 260 hp, engine. According to maintenance logbooks, the most recent annual inspection was completed on August 22, 2013. At the time of the inspection, the airplane had accumulated 905 hours of total time in service. A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the fuel tanks contained a total of one gallon of blue fluid, similar in color and smell as 100LL aviation fuel. In addition, the engine was examined and engine continuity of the powertrain was confirmed from the propeller flange to the accessory section of the engine. Compression was confirmed on all cylinders using the thumb method, and the spark plugs were and exhibited normal wear. During the examination, the fuel line to the engine was removed and was devoid of any fluid. According to the airplane Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH), the airplane was equipped with a 24 gallon main fuel tank and a 5 gallon auxiliary wing fuel tank. The 5 gallon wing tank was not to be used during aerobatic operations. In addition, the main fuselage tank contained 1 gallon of unusable fuel. Lastly, the POH had a warning that stated, "DO NOT PERFORM LOW ALTITUDE AEROBATICS WITH LESS THAN 1/4 OF FUEL IN FUSELAGE TANK." According to the engine manufacturer's Operator's Manual, the engine had an average fuel consumption of 15 gallons per hour while operating at 75% of rated power. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N50XV](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N50XV-2016-07-26), registration cancelled 2016-07-26, S/N 5109, built 1987 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CHRISTEN INDUSTRIES INC PITTS S (2B) - Registry model: [Christen Industries PITTS S-2B](https://openairdocs.org/model/christen-industries-pitts-s-2b) (registry code 2210006) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming AEIO-540-D4A5](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-aeio-540-d4a5) (registry code 41799, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 5109 - Year built: 1987 - Airframe hours: 918 - Engines: Lycoming AEIO-540-D4A5 260 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Aerobatic; Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, August 13, 2013, 13 hours before - Departed: SRQ, Sarasota, FL - Destination: SRQ, Sarasota, FL - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 75; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial, airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review March 30, 2013; seat: rear; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 21,627 total, 193 in this make and model, 21,500 as pilot in command, 18 in the last 90 days, 10 in the last 30 days - Student pilot; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; medical: class 3; seat: front; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 200 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 12 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 91 °F, dew point 72 °F - Altimeter: 30.03 inHg - Observed at: SRQ, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20140812015089A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140812015089A), Aug 12, 2014: Christen Industries Inc PITTS S-2B, Sarasota, FL, Substantial damage. On 8/12/2014 the pilot was operating aircraft N50XV and he departed Sarasota airport at around 11:05 am accompanied by a passenger. The pilot stated they… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 9, 2015, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89865. 3.8 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 956 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40434745&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Police Report (item 2, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40434746&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Police%20Report-Master.PDF - Memorandum of Record - FAA Inspector Statement (item 3, .PDF, 116 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40434747&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20of%20Record%20-%20FAA%20Inspector%20Statement-Master.PDF - Engine Fuel Consumption (item 4, .PDF, 98 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40434748&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Fuel%20Consumption-Master.PDF - Weather Reports and Records (item 5, .PDF, 117 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40434749&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports%20and%20Records-Master.PDF - Photo Array (Courtesy of FAA) (item 6, .PDF, 5 photos, 537 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40434750&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20Array%20(Courtesy%20of%20FAA)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.